The 1978 Soviet Chess Championship was the 46th edition of USSR Chess Championship. Held from 1–27 December 1978 in Tbilisi. Mikhail Tal and Vitaly Tseshkovsky shared the title. The qualifying tournaments took place in Daugavpils and Ashkhabad. This edition marked the debut of the future world champion Garry Kasparov in the Soviet championships.

Mikhail Tal
Vitaly Tseshkovsky

Qualifying

Swiss Qualifying

The Swiss Qualifying was held in Daugavpils from 27 June to 16 July 1978 with 64 players. Garry Kasparov won gaining a direct promotion to the final.

First League

The top seven qualified for the final.

Ashkhabad, 8 October to 3 November 1978
PlayerRating1234567891011121314151617Total
1Soviet Union Vitaly Tseshkovsky2570-½1½½11½½11½½10½½10½
2Soviet Union Vladimir Tukmakov2560½-½½1½½½1½½11½1½½10½
3Soviet Union Alexander Beliavsky25450½-½½½11½½½1½011110
4Soviet Union Adrian Mikhalchishin2460½½½-½½½½½½½11101110
5Soviet Union Sergey Makarichev2495½0½½-½½½½½1½1½½½19
6Soviet Union Gennadij Timoscenko25300½½½½-½01½½1½1½½19
7Soviet Union Yuri Razuvaev24600½0½½½-½½1½1½½1½19
8Soviet Union Artur Jussupow2450½½0½½1½-½1½0½01½½8
9Soviet Union Alexander Kochyev2555½0½½½0½½-01110½½18
10Soviet Union Evgeny Sveshnikov25650½½½½½001-½0½11½18
11Soviet Union Vladimir Savon25600½½½0½½½0½-1½1½½½
12Soviet Union Viktor Kupreichik2490½000½001010-1½1½17
13Soviet Union Lev Alburt2510½0½00½½½0½½0-1110
14Soviet Union Lev Gutman0½10½0½1100½0-0106
15Soviet Union Alexander Ivanov1001½½00½0½001-½½6
16Soviet Union Albert Kapengut2465½½00½½½½½½½½00½-0
17Soviet Union Amanmurad Kakageldyev2415½½00000½00½011½1-

Final

The final at Tbilisi featured the qualifiers plus Tamaz Giorgadze as the local Georgian representative and the players who were entered directly for their historical performance in previous championships.

46th USSR Chess Championship
PlayerRating123456789101112131415161718Total
1Soviet Union Mikhail Tal2625-½½½½1½½½½½1½1½½1111
2Soviet Union Vitaly Tseshkovsky2570½-½½½11½½0½1½11½1½11
3Soviet Union Lev Polugaevsky2620½½-½½½011½½½½½½½1110
4Soviet Union Tamaz Giorgadze2505½½½-½½½½½1½½½½1½½½
5Soviet Union Evgeny Sveshnikov2565½½½½-½½11010½½½½½½9
6Soviet Union Alexander Beliavsky254500½½½-01½1½½10½1½19
7Soviet Union Garry Kasparov½01½½1-½½½½½½00½119
8Soviet Union Oleg Romanishin2610½½0½00½-011½11½1109
9Soviet Union Efim Geller2590½½0½0½½1-½½½½1½½½19
10Soviet Union Boris Gulko2575½1½010½0½-½½½½½½½½8
11Soviet Union Vladimir Bagirov2495½½½½0½½0½½-½½½½½½18
12Soviet Union Sergey Makarichev249500½½1½½½½½½-½½½½½½8
13Soviet Union Gennadij Timoscenko2530½½½½½0½0½½½½-0½1½½
14Soviet Union Adrian Mikhalchishin246000½½½1100½½½1-½0½½
15Soviet Union Yuri Razuvaev2460½0½0½½1½½½½½½½-½½0
16Soviet Union Vladimir Tukmakov2560½½½½½0½0½½½½01½-½½
17Soviet Union Josif Dorfman2550000½½½00½½½½½½½½-1
18Soviet Union Gennadi Kuzmin25350½0½½0010½0½½½1½0-6