25-Hydroxycholesterol is a derivative of cholesterol, which plays a role in various biological processes in humans and other species. It is involved in cholesterol metabolism, antiviral process, inflammatory and immune response, and survival signaling pathway. 25-hydroxycholesterol is biosynthesized from cholesterol by adding a hydroxyl group at the position 25-carbon of a steroid nucleus. This reaction is catalyzed by cholesterol 25-hydroxylase, a family of enzymes that use oxygen and a di-iron cofactor to catalyze hydroxylation reaction.

The CYP3A4 enzyme, a member of the cytochrome P450 family, can catalyze the oxidation of 25-hydroxycholesterol to 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol, whereas 25-hydroxycholesterol can inhibit CYP4F2 mRNA expression, so that members of the cytochrome P450 family are also involved in the metabolism of 25-hydroxycholesterol besides cholesterol 25-hydroxylase.

25-hydroxycholesterol has been found in various organisms such as mice, rats, rabbits, and cows. As of 2023,[update] its presence in other species has not been extensively studied.

See also

Further reading

  • Zu S, Deng YQ, Zhou C, Li J, Li L, Chen Q, Li XF, Zhao H, Gold S, He J, Li X, Zhang C, Yang H, Cheng G, Qin CF (November 2020). . Cell Research. 30 (11): 1043–1045. doi:. ISSN . PMC . PMID . S2CID .