Size comparison between 30×170mm (left),a One Pound Coin (middle) and 5.56x45mm NATO (right)

The 30 mm caliber is a range of autocannon ammunition. It includes the NATO standardized Swiss 30×173mm (STANAG 4624), the Soviet 30×155mmB, 30×165mm and 30×210mmB, the Czechoslovak 30×210mm, the Yugoslav 30×192mm, the British 30×113mmB, and the French 30×150mmB and 30×170mm cartridges.

Usage

Ammunition in 30 mm is typically not used against personnel but rather as an anti-materiel or armor-piercing round. Rounds of this size can be effective against lightly armored vehicles as well as fortified bunkers. It is also a popular caliber for shipboard close-in weapons systems (CIWS), such as the Russian AK-630 and Dutch Goalkeeper CIWS.

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation use their 30 mm weapons in a variety of vehicles, including the Su-25 attack aircraft, Mi-24 helicopter, Mi-28 attack helicopter, Ka-50 attack helicopter, and the BMP-2, BMP-3, and BTR-90 infantry fighting vehicles. The most modern anti-aircraft gun systems in use by Russia are chambered in 30 mm.

The U.S. military uses 30 mm weapons in their A-10 Thunderbolt II ground-attack aircraft, AC-130 gunship (AC-130J Ghostrider variant), and AH-64 Apache attack helicopter. It was going to be used in the Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle, until the project was canceled. The United States Navy uses 30 mm weapons on the San Antonio-class amphibious transport dock and on Freedom and Independence-class littoral combat ship as part of the surface warfare (SuW) package. In 2012, the Navy decided to replace the Mk 110 57 mm cannons on Zumwalt-class destroyer with the Mk 46 GWS (Gun Weapon System), a navalized mounting of the Mk44 Bushmaster chain gun. In 2022, the United States Coast Guard announced plans to install 30 mm Mk44 chain guns on newly-built Polar Security Cutters (PSCs), though existing cutters would retain their 25mm Mark 38 mounts.

Types of ammunition

30 mm weapons are used in a variety of roles. As a result, ammunition in 30 mm comes in several varieties: armor-piercing (AP), high-explosive (HE), airburst, and target practice (TP) rounds. Both AP and HE cartridges commonly possess incendiary or tracer elements, which may be noted in its designation; API and HE-T are Armor-Piercing Incendiary and High-Explosive Tracer respectively.

Weapons

  • Examples of 30 mm rounds and cannons
  • Swiss 30×173mm
  • Soviet 30×165mm
  • The DU penetrator of a 30×173 mm round used in the GAU-8
  • French 30×150mmB
  • 30×113mmB rounds being loaded into an AH-64D Apache Longbow

Current weapons

CartridgeWeaponCountry of originDesignerTypeExample platforms
30×29mmBAGS-17Soviet UnionOKB-16Automatic grenade launcherBMD-3, BTR-90, BTR-D
AGS-30RussiaKBP Instrument Design BureauAutomatic grenade launcherBTR-T, GAZ-2975 Tigr, M2020 (tank)
30×113mmBM230United StatesHughesChain gunBoeing AH-64 Apache, JLTV MADIS, Oshkosh M-ATV, Stryker M-SHORAD
ADENUnited KingdomRoyal Small Arms FactoryRevolver cannonEnglish Electric Lightning, Hawker Hunter, Saab Draken, SEPECAT Jaguar
VENOM LR 30United KingdomAEI SystemsRevolver cannonMidgard 300 RWS, electro optic systems (EOS) R400 ROWS (prototype)
DEFA 550 seriesFranceDirection des Études et Fabrications d'ArmementRevolver cannonDassault Mystere, Mirage series, Étendard series, SEPECAT Jaguar, Fiat G.91, AMX International AMX
30 M 781FranceGIATChain gunEurocopter Tiger
XM188United StatesGeneral ElectricRotary cannonBell AH-1 Cobra (prototype)
30×150mmB30 M 791FranceNexterRevolver cannonDassault Rafale
30×155mmBNR-30Soviet UnionNudelman-RikhterShort-recoil autocannonMiG-19, MiG-21, Su-7, Su-17, J-7
30×165mmGSh-30-1Soviet UnionGryazev-ShipunovShort-recoil autocannonSukhoi Su-27, Sukhoi Su-30, Sukhoi Su-35, Sukhoi Su-57, Mikoyan MiG-29
GSh-30-2Soviet UnionGryazev-ShipunovTwin autocannonSukhoi Su-25, Mil Mi-24P
GSh-6-30Soviet UnionGryazev-ShipunovRotary cannonMiG-27, Kortik CIWS
AK-630Soviet UnionTsKIB SOORotary cannonA-213-Vympel-A CIWS
2A42Soviet UnionKBP Instrument Design BureauGas-operated autocannonBMP-2, BMD-2, BMD-3, Kurganets-25, T-15 Armata, Mil Mi-28, Kamov Ka-50, BTR-90
2A72Soviet UnionKBP Instrument Design BureauLong-recoil autocannonBMP-3 (also in BRM-3K version), BMD-4, BTR-82A, Uran-9
2A38[ru]Soviet UnionKBP Instrument Design BureauTwin anti-aircraft gas-operated autocannon2K22 Tunguska, Pantsir-S
CRN 91IndiaOrdnance Factory MedakLight naval gunTrinkat-class patrol vessel, Kumbhir-class landing ship, Car Nicobar-class fast attack craft
Type 730/1130China713th Research InstituteGatling gunType 052C destroyer, Type 001A aircraft carrier, LD-2000
30×170mmHS.831AFranceHispano-SuizaGas-unlocked delayed-blowback autocannonAMX-30 DCA
KCBSwitzerlandOerlikonAutocanonNaval weapon systems: DS30B rapid fire cannon Destroyers Type 45 class Frigates: Lekiu class Corvettes: Bung Tomo class, Kasturi class Patrol vessels: Storm class (Lithuania) Landing ship: Bay class Mine-countermeasure vessels: Huon class, Hunt class, Sandown class Support vessels: Tide class, Wave class Training ship: Gagah Samudera class
Naval weapon systems: EE-30 / Emerlec 30 / Mark 74[it], a CIWS turret with 2×KCB. Destroyers ChungBuk class Frigates: Ulsan class Corvettes: Kasturi class (before replacement), Pohang class Patrol vessels: Chamsuri class (PKM 201 variant), CPIC-X (US Navy, coastal patrol and interdiction craft - experimental), Kagitingan class, Kilkuri class Fast missile craft: La Combattante III class (known as Laskos class, with this additional weapon for the Greek Navy), Manta class (Ecuador, weapon received after modernisation), Paek Ku class Mine-countermeasure vessels: Lerici class (Nigeria)
Naval weapon systems: GCM-A Destroyers Type 82 class, Type 42 class Frigates: Type 22 class Fast attack craft: Waspada class (before replacement), Pohang class, Damrong Rachanuphat class Patrol craft: Mamba class (Kenya, after modernisation)
Switzerland / South KoreaSNT Dynamics (under licence)K30 Biho SPAAG, K808 SPAAG
HS.831L / KCBSwitzerland / FranceHispano-Suiza / OerlikonFalcon anti-aircraft system
L21A1 RARDENUnited KingdomRoyal Armament Research and Development Establishment/ Royal Small Arms Factory, EnfieldLong-recoil autocannonFV721 Fox, FV107 Scimitar, FV510 Warrior
30×173mm (STANAG 4624)KCASwitzerlandOerlikonRevolver cannonSaab 37 Viggen
KCESwitzerlandRheinmetall Air DefenceRevolver cannonRheinmetall Sea Snake turret, Skyranger 30
GAU-8 AvengerUnited StatesGeneral ElectricGatling gunFairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II, Signaal Goalkeeper CIWS
Mk44 Bushmaster IIUnited StatesAlliant TechsystemsChain gunAdvanced Reconnaissance Vehicle, AS21 Redback, BAE ACV-30, Bionix II, Borsuk, Boxer Vilkas, CM-34, CV9030, Dragón VCR[es], ICV[ja], Freccia EVO, Hunter AFV, KTO Rosomak, LAV III(Colombia), LAV-700, M1296 Stryker Dragoon, N-WAV 8×8 IFV, Pandur II 8×8 KBVP, Patria AMV - CRO 30L, Pindad Cobra, Piranha III (Belgium, Botswana, Ireland), Piranha V (Romania), RCV[ja], Sentinel II 6×6 and 8×8, VBTP-MR Guarani
Naval weapon systems: DS30M Mark 2 Aircraft carrier: NAM Atlântico Amphibious transport docks: Angthong-class, San Antonio class Destroyers Type 45 class, Zumwalt class Frigates: Jose Rizal class, Littoral combat ship, Maharaja Lela class, Naresuan class, Type 23 class Corvettes: Gowind class (Argentina), Khareef class Offshore patrol vessels: Hateruma class, Holland class, Mamuju class, Polar Security Cutter, River class (batch II) Patrol vessels: Bintang Laut class, Hateruma class, Iwami class, Krabi class, Kunigami class, Leamsing class, Mamuju class, Pari class, Pulau Nipah class, Swiftships, Tanjung Datu class, T.991 class, T.994 class Fast-attack craft: Clurit class, Shaldag Mk.V class Mine-countermeasure vessels: Ladya class Support vessels: Karel Doorman class Research vessels: Pollux class
Lockheed AC-130J,
MK 30[de]GermanyRheinmetallAutomatic cannonASCOD, Boxer CRV, Boxer RadSPz (PuBo), Lynx KF41, Piranha III (Spanish Marines), SPz Puma, 30mm/82 Compact
EMAK 30South AfricaDenel Land SystemsLinkless cam gunBadger
Maadi GriffinUnited StatesRobert StewartPrototype anti-materiel rifleMaadi Griffin
30mm X-GUNItalyLeonardoAutomatic Cannon
Wotan 30GermanyRheinmetallAutomatic cannonLynx KF41
GTS-30/NSlovakiaZŤS – ŠPECIÁLGas-operated autocannonBOV 8x8 Vydra
GUARDIAN L-HIITSpainEscribanoRWS
GUARDIAN 30SpainEscribanoRWSDragon
SENTINEL 30SpainEscribanoRWSSpanish Navy Peruvian Navy Royal Thai Navy
30×210mmBNN-30Soviet UnionTulamashzavodTwin revolver cannonAK-230 light naval gun/CIWS
30×210mmvz.53/59CzechoslovakiaPraga HostivařTwin anti-aircraft autocannonM53/59 Praga
30×250mm caselessRMK30GermanyMauserRecoilless revolver cannonWiesel AWC (experimental), Eurocopter Tiger UH (experimental)

Historical weapons

WeaponCountry of originDesignerCartridgeTypeExample platforms
MK 108Nazi GermanyRheinmetall-Borsig30×90mmRBAutocannonMesserschmitt Bf 109 G-6, Messerschmitt Bf 110 G-2, Focke-Wulf Fw 190 A-8/R2, Messerschmitt Me 262
Type 2Japanese EmpireDai-Nippon Weapons Co., Ltd.30×92mmRBBlowback autocannonMitsubishi J2M (prototype)
Ho-155Japanese EmpireNagoya Arsenal30×114mmAutocannonNakajima Ki-84-I Hei, Kawasaki Ki-102c Hei
Type 5Japanese EmpireNihon Tokushuko30×122mmAutocannonYokosuka P1Y, Kyushu J7W, Mitsubishi J2M (planned)
NR-30Soviet UnionA.E. Nudelman and A.A. Rikhter30×155mmBAutocannonMiG-19, MiG-21, Sukhoi Su-7, Sukhoi Su-17
MK 101Nazi GermanyRheinmetall-Borsig30×184mmBAutocannonHenschel Hs 129, Heinkel He 177A-1/U2 (experimental)
MK 103Nazi GermanyRheinmetall-BorsigElectrically primed autocannonFocke-Wulf Fw 190, Flakpanzer IV Kugelblitz
MK 303Nazi GermanyKrieghoff30×210mmAnti-aircraft autocannonType XXI submarine

See also

External links