Al-Afdal Muhammad (Arabic:الأفضل محمد) was the last Ayyubid governor of Hama, in central Syria, reigning from 1332 to 1341. He was the son and successor of Abu'l-Fida, and a descendant of Saladin's brother Nur al-Din Shahanshah. After the Mamluk defeat of the Mongols in 1260 at the Battle of Ain Jalut, Hama was restored as a tributary emirate and a succession of Ayyubid rulers governed the city. However, al-Afdal incurred the displeasure of his Mamluk overlords and was deposed by them in 1341 ending Ayyubid rule over the city of Hama and bringing it under direct Mamluk authority.

Bibliography

  • Abu-Lughod, Janet L.; Dumper, Michael (2007), , ABC-CLIO, ISBN978-1-57607-919-5
  • Lane-Poole, Stanley (2004), , Kessinger Publishing, ISBN978-1-4179-4570-2