Chamdo
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Chamdo, officially Qamdo (Tibetan: ཆབ་མདོ, Wylie: chab mdo, ZWPY: qamdo) and also known in Chinese as Changdu (Chinese: 昌都; pinyin: Chang Du), is a prefecture-level city in the eastern part of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China. Its seat is the town of Chengguan in Karuo District. Chamdo is Tibet's third largest city after Lhasa and Shigatse.
Chamdo is divided into 11 county-level divisions: one district and ten counties. The main district is Karuo District. Other counties include Jonda County, Gonjo County, Riwoche County, Dengqen County, Zhag'yab County, Baxoi County, Zognang County, Maarkam County, Lhorong County, and Banbar County.
History
Wang Qimei and Zhang Guohua led 40,000 People's Liberation Army soldiers in an attack against the 8,000 soldiers of the Tibetan Army defending Chamdo on 7 October 1950. Over 5,700 Tibetans died after fighting 21 battles by 19 October, and Provincial Governor Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme was captured. The fall of Chamdo resulted in the Tibetan government submitting to China's demands.
On 11 July 2014 Chamdo Prefecture was upgraded into a prefecture-level city.
Languages
Languages spoken in Chamdo include Khams Tibetan and the Chamdo languages of Lamo, Larong, and Drag-yab.
Transportation
From 1951 to 1954, the Chinese army constructed a 2,300 kilometre long highway from Ya'an to Lhasa that went through Chamdo.
Subdivisions
The city is subdivided into 11 county-level divisions: 1 district and 10 counties.
| Map | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Karuo Jomda County Gonjo County Riwoqê County Dêngqên County Zhag'yab County Baxoi County Zogang County Markam County Lhorong County Banbar County | |||||||
| Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Tibetan | Wylie | Population (2010 Census) | Area (km2) | Density (/km2) |
| Karuo District | 卡若区 | Kǎruò Qū | མཁར་རོ་ཆུས། | mkhar ro chus | 116,500 | 10,794 | 10.79 |
| Jomda County | 江达县 | Jiāngdá Xiàn | འཇོ་མདའ་རྫོང་། | 'jo mda' rdzong | 76,026 | 13,164 | 5.77 |
| Gonjo County | 贡觉县 | Gòngjué Xiàn | གོ་འཇོ་རྫོང་། | go 'jo rdzong | 40,434 | 6,323 | 6.39 |
| Riwoqê County | 类乌齐县 | Lèiwūqí Xiàn | རི་བོ་ཆེ་རྫོང་། | ri bo che rdzong | 49,870 | 6,355 | 7.84 |
| Dêngqên County | 丁青县 | Dīngqīng Xiàn | སྟེང་ཆེན་རྫོང་། | steng chen rdzong | 69,888 | 12,408 | 5.63 |
| Zhag'yab County | 察雅县 | Cháyǎ Xiàn | བྲག་གཡབ་རྫོང་། | brag g-yab rdzong | 56,789 | 8,251 | 6.88 |
| Baxoi County | 八宿县 | Bāsù Xiàn | དཔའ་ཤོད་རྫོང་། | dpa' shod rdzong | 39,021 | 12,336 | 3.16 |
| Zogang County | 左贡县 | Zuǒgòng Xiàn | མཛོ་སྒང་རྫོང་། | mdzo sgang rdzong | 44,320 | 11,837 | 3.74 |
| Markam County | 芒康县 | Mángkāng Xiàn | སྨར་ཁམས་རྫོང་། | smar khams rdzong | 81,399 | 11,576 | 7.03 |
| Lhorong County | 洛隆县 | Luòlóng Xiàn | ལྷོ་རོང་རྫོང་། | lho rong rdzong | 47,491 | 8,048 | 5.90 |
| Banbar County | 边坝县 | Biānbà Xiàn | དཔལ་འབར་རྫོང་། | dpal 'bar rdzong | 35,767 | 8,774 | 4.07 |
Climate
Chamdo has a humid continental climate (Köppen: Dwb) in the Karub District and an alpine subarctic climate (Köppen: Dwc) in other counties.
| Climate data for Chamdo (Karuo District), elevation 3,315 m (10,876 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 21.8 (71.2) | 21.4 (70.5) | 26.1 (79.0) | 28.1 (82.6) | 29.5 (85.1) | 32.7 (90.9) | 32.0 (89.6) | 30.8 (87.4) | 30.5 (86.9) | 27.7 (81.9) | 22.3 (72.1) | 20.2 (68.4) | 32.7 (90.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.8 (47.8) | 10.7 (51.3) | 13.5 (56.3) | 16.9 (62.4) | 21.0 (69.8) | 23.8 (74.8) | 24.3 (75.7) | 23.9 (75.0) | 21.9 (71.4) | 17.5 (63.5) | 13.2 (55.8) | 10.0 (50.0) | 17.1 (62.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.5 (29.3) | 1.4 (34.5) | 4.8 (40.6) | 8.3 (46.9) | 12.4 (54.3) | 15.6 (60.1) | 16.4 (61.5) | 15.8 (60.4) | 13.4 (56.1) | 8.4 (47.1) | 2.8 (37.0) | −1.1 (30.0) | 8.1 (46.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −9.4 (15.1) | −6.4 (20.5) | −2.3 (27.9) | 1.7 (35.1) | 5.7 (42.3) | 9.5 (49.1) | 10.9 (51.6) | 10.3 (50.5) | 7.7 (45.9) | 2.1 (35.8) | −4.6 (23.7) | −8.9 (16.0) | 1.4 (34.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −19.4 (−2.9) | −17.4 (0.7) | −13.0 (8.6) | −7.7 (18.1) | −4.0 (24.8) | 1.1 (34.0) | 2.9 (37.2) | 1.1 (34.0) | −0.9 (30.4) | −7.0 (19.4) | −13.6 (7.5) | −20.7 (−5.3) | −20.7 (−5.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 1.6 (0.06) | 4.0 (0.16) | 10.5 (0.41) | 23.9 (0.94) | 42.2 (1.66) | 80.7 (3.18) | 110.7 (4.36) | 102.8 (4.05) | 75.2 (2.96) | 33.1 (1.30) | 4.8 (0.19) | 1.3 (0.05) | 490.8 (19.32) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.2 | 3.6 | 6.3 | 11.3 | 13.5 | 18.6 | 19.9 | 18.9 | 17.0 | 9.8 | 2.9 | 1.3 | 125.3 |
| Average snowy days | 3.9 | 7.3 | 11.0 | 6.9 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 2.9 | 4.8 | 2.9 | 40.5 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 34 | 35 | 40 | 47 | 49 | 58 | 65 | 66 | 66 | 58 | 45 | 37 | 50 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 204.1 | 184.8 | 202.9 | 201.4 | 215.1 | 188.9 | 190.2 | 192.6 | 192.4 | 199.0 | 205.0 | 212.3 | 2,388.7 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 63 | 59 | 54 | 52 | 50 | 45 | 44 | 47 | 53 | 57 | 65 | 68 | 55 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration |