Diphylleidae
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Diphylleidae (also Collodictyonidae) is a group of aquatic, unicellular eukaryotic organisms with two to four terminal flagella. They feed by phagocytosis, ingesting other unicellular organisms like algae and bacteria. It is the sister group of Sulcomonadidae.
Recent molecular analyses place collodictyonids (e.g. Collodictyon) in a clade also containing Rigifilida and Mantamonadidae. This clade has been named CRuMs and is sister to Amorphea.
Phylogeny
| Opimoda | Ancyromonadida Cavalier-Smith 1998 emend. Atkins 2000 Malawimonadea Cavalier-Smith 2003 Podiata Amorphea Amoebozoa Lühe 1913 emend. Cavalier-Smith 1998 Obazoa Breviatea Cavalier-Smith 2004 Apusomonadida Karpov & Mylnikov 1989 Opisthokonta CRuMs Mantamonadida Cavalier-Smith 2004 Glissandrida Yazaki et al. 2025 Rigifilida Karpov & Mylnikov 1989 Diphylleida Diphylleidae Cavalier-Smith 1993 Sulcomonadidae Cavalier-Smith 2013 |
| Ancyromonadida Cavalier-Smith 1998 emend. Atkins 2000 | |
| Malawimonadea Cavalier-Smith 2003 Podiata Amorphea Amoebozoa Lühe 1913 emend. Cavalier-Smith 1998 Obazoa Breviatea Cavalier-Smith 2004 Apusomonadida Karpov & Mylnikov 1989 Opisthokonta CRuMs Mantamonadida Cavalier-Smith 2004 Glissandrida Yazaki et al. 2025 Rigifilida Karpov & Mylnikov 1989 Diphylleida Diphylleidae Cavalier-Smith 1993 Sulcomonadidae Cavalier-Smith 2013 | |
| Malawimonadea Cavalier-Smith 2003 | |
| Podiata | Amorphea Amoebozoa Lühe 1913 emend. Cavalier-Smith 1998 Obazoa Breviatea Cavalier-Smith 2004 Apusomonadida Karpov & Mylnikov 1989 Opisthokonta CRuMs Mantamonadida Cavalier-Smith 2004 Glissandrida Yazaki et al. 2025 Rigifilida Karpov & Mylnikov 1989 Diphylleida Diphylleidae Cavalier-Smith 1993 Sulcomonadidae Cavalier-Smith 2013 |
| Amorphea | Amoebozoa Lühe 1913 emend. Cavalier-Smith 1998 Obazoa Breviatea Cavalier-Smith 2004 Apusomonadida Karpov & Mylnikov 1989 Opisthokonta |
| Amoebozoa Lühe 1913 emend. Cavalier-Smith 1998 | |
| Obazoa | Breviatea Cavalier-Smith 2004 Apusomonadida Karpov & Mylnikov 1989 Opisthokonta |
| Breviatea Cavalier-Smith 2004 | |
| Apusomonadida Karpov & Mylnikov 1989 Opisthokonta | |
| Apusomonadida Karpov & Mylnikov 1989 | |
| Opisthokonta | |
| CRuMs | Mantamonadida Cavalier-Smith 2004 Glissandrida Yazaki et al. 2025 Rigifilida Karpov & Mylnikov 1989 Diphylleida Diphylleidae Cavalier-Smith 1993 Sulcomonadidae Cavalier-Smith 2013 |
| Mantamonadida Cavalier-Smith 2004 | |
| Glissandrida Yazaki et al. 2025 Rigifilida Karpov & Mylnikov 1989 Diphylleida Diphylleidae Cavalier-Smith 1993 Sulcomonadidae Cavalier-Smith 2013 | |
| Glissandrida Yazaki et al. 2025 | |
| Rigifilida Karpov & Mylnikov 1989 Diphylleida Diphylleidae Cavalier-Smith 1993 Sulcomonadidae Cavalier-Smith 2013 | |
| Rigifilida Karpov & Mylnikov 1989 | |
| Diphylleida Diphylleidae Cavalier-Smith 1993 Sulcomonadidae Cavalier-Smith 2013 | |
| Diphylleida | Diphylleidae Cavalier-Smith 1993 Sulcomonadidae Cavalier-Smith 2013 |
| Diphylleidae Cavalier-Smith 1993 | |
| Sulcomonadidae Cavalier-Smith 2013 | |
Taxonomy
- Family Diphylleidae Cavalier-Smith 1993 ["Collodictyonidae" Brugerolle et al. 2002] Genus Diphylleia Massart 1920 non Michaux 1803 [Aulacomonas Skuja 1939] Species D. rotans Massart 1920 [Aulacomonas submarina Skuja 1939] Genus Collodictyon Carter 1865 Species C. hongkongense Skvortzov 1968 Species C. indicum Iyengar 1981 Species C. oxycareni Franchini 1922 Species C. sparsevacuolatum Skuja 1956 Species C. triciliatum Carter 1865