Commelinoideae is a subfamily of monocotyledonous plants in the dayflower family (Commelinaceae). It is one of two subfamilies within the Commelinaceae and includes 39 genera (out of 41 in the family) and all but 12 of the family's several hundred known species. The subfamily is further broken down into two tribes, the Tradescantieae, which includes 26 genera and about 300 species, and the Commelineae, which contains 13 genera and about 350 species.

The Commelinoideae is separated morphologically from the other subfamily, Cartonematoideae, in having glandular microhairs, arteries containing needle-like calcium oxalate crystals called raphide canals in between the veins of the leaves, and flowers that are virtually never both yellow and actinomorphic. Molecular phylogenetics also supports the separation of the two subfamilies.

Phylogeny

The following is a phylogeny, or evolutionary tree, of most of the genera in Commelinoideae based on DNA sequences from the plastid gene rbcL

Subfamily Commelinoideae Tribe Tradescantieae Tinantia Weldenia Thyrsanthemum Elasis Tradescantia + Gibasis Callisia + Tripogandra Amischotolype Coleotrype Cyanotis Belosynapsis Dichorisandra Siderasis Cochliostema Plowmanianthus Geogenanthus Palisota Spatholirion Tribe Commelineae Commelina Pollia Polyspatha Aneilema + Rhopalephora Floscopa Stanfieldiella Buforrestia Murdannia Anthericopsis
Subfamily CommelinoideaeTribe Tradescantieae Tinantia Weldenia Thyrsanthemum Elasis Tradescantia + Gibasis Callisia + Tripogandra Amischotolype Coleotrype Cyanotis Belosynapsis Dichorisandra Siderasis Cochliostema Plowmanianthus Geogenanthus Palisota Spatholirion Tribe Commelineae Commelina Pollia Polyspatha Aneilema + Rhopalephora Floscopa Stanfieldiella Buforrestia Murdannia Anthericopsis
Tribe TradescantieaeTinantia Weldenia Thyrsanthemum Elasis Tradescantia + Gibasis Callisia + Tripogandra Amischotolype Coleotrype Cyanotis Belosynapsis Dichorisandra Siderasis Cochliostema Plowmanianthus Geogenanthus Palisota Spatholirion
Tinantia
Weldenia Thyrsanthemum
Weldenia
Thyrsanthemum
Elasis Tradescantia + Gibasis Callisia + Tripogandra
Elasis
Tradescantia + Gibasis
Callisia + Tripogandra
Amischotolype Coleotrype Cyanotis Belosynapsis
Amischotolype Coleotrype
Amischotolype
Coleotrype
Cyanotis Belosynapsis
Cyanotis
Belosynapsis
Dichorisandra Siderasis
Dichorisandra
Siderasis
Cochliostema
Plowmanianthus
Geogenanthus
Palisota
Spatholirion
Tribe CommelineaeCommelina Pollia Polyspatha Aneilema + Rhopalephora Floscopa Stanfieldiella Buforrestia Murdannia Anthericopsis
Commelina Pollia Polyspatha Aneilema + Rhopalephora
Commelina
Pollia
Polyspatha
Aneilema + Rhopalephora
Floscopa Stanfieldiella
Floscopa
Stanfieldiella
Buforrestia
Murdannia Anthericopsis
Murdannia
Anthericopsis

Bibliography

  • Jean H. Burns, Robert B. Faden, and Scott J. Steppan. (2011) Phylogenetic Studies in the Commelinaceae Subfamily Commelinoideae Inferred from Nuclear Ribosomal and Chloroplast DNA Sequences. Systematic Botany 36(2): 268–276. doi:
  • Media related to Commelinoideae at Wikimedia Commons