Crossognathiformes is an extinct order of ray-finned fish that lived from the Late Jurassic to the Eocene. Its phylogenetic placement is disputed; some authors have recovered it as part of the teleost stem group, while others place it in a basal position within crown group Teleostei. Other placements have found it to be polyphyletic, with Varasichthyidae being stem-group teleosts whereas the other, "true" crossognathiforms are crown-group teleosts within Teleocephala.

The oldest definitive crossognathiforms are known from the Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) of Chile. They diversified afterwards and became a dominant group of marine fish throughout much of the Cretaceous. The last surviving member was the pachyrhizodontid Platinx from the Eocene.

Classification

Order Crossognathiformes Taverne, 1989

  • Bavarichthys Arratia & Tischlinger, 2010
  • Kradimus Veysey et al., 2020
  • Family Varasichthyidae Arratia, 1981 Bobbichthys Arratia, 1986 Domeykos Arratia & Schultze, 1985 Luisichthys White, 1942 Protoclupea Arratia et al., 1975 Varasichthys Arratia, 1981
  • Family Chongichthyidae Arratia, 1982 Chongichthys Arratia, 1982
  • Suborder Crossognathoidei Taverne, 1989 Family Crossognathidae Woodward, 1901 [Apsopelicidae Romer, 1966; Syllaemidae Cragin, 1901; Pelecorapidae Cragin, 1901] Apsopelix Cope, 1871 [Helmintholepis Cockerell, 1919; Leptichthys Stewart, 1899; Palaeoclupea Dante, 1942; Pelecorapis Cope, 1874; Syllaemus Cope, 1875] Crossognathus Pictet, 1858
  • Suborder Pachyrhizodontoidei Forey, 1977 Buapichthys Medina-Castañeda, Cantalice & Castañeda-Posadas, 2025 Family Notelopidae Forey, 1977 Notelops Woodward, 1901 Family Pachyrhizodontidae Cope, 1872 [Greenwoodellidae Taverne, 1973; Thrissopatrinae Boulenger, 1904b] Apricenapiscis Taverne, 2013 Aquilopiscis Cumbaa & Murray, 2008 Cavinichthys Taverne & Capasso, 2019 Elopopsis Heckel, 1856 Goulmimichthys Cavin, 1995 Greenwoodella Taverne & Ross, 1973 Hemielopopsis Bassani, 1879 Lebrunichthys Taverne & Capasso, 2020 Michin Alvarado-Ortega et al., 2008 Motlayoichthys Arratia et al., 2018 Nardopiscis Taverne, 2008 Pachyrhizodus Dixon, 1850 [Acrodontosaurus Mason, 1869; Eurychir Jordan, 1924; Oricardinus Cope, 1872; Thrissopater Günther, 1872 sensu Forey, 1977] Phacolepis Agassiz, 1841 [Rhacolepis Agassiz, 1841 non Frenguelli, 1942] Platinx Agassiz, 1835 Polcynichthys London & Shimada, 2020 Rhacolepis Agassiz, 1843 Stanhopeichthys Taverne & Capasso, 2020 Tingitanichthys Taverne, 1996

Timeline of genera

Bibliography

  • Sepkoski, Jack (2002). . Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363: 1–560. Archived from on July 23, 2011.