The Deaflympics, also known as Deaflympiad (previously called World Games for the Deaf, and International Games for the Deaf) are a periodic series of multi-sport events sanctioned by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) at which deaf athletes compete at an elite level. Unlike the athletes in other IOC-sanctioned events (the Olympics, the Paralympics, and the Special Olympics), athletes cannot be guided by sounds (such as starting pistols, bullhorn commands or referee whistles). The games have been organized by the Comité International des Sports des Sourds (CISS, "The International Committee of Sports for the Deaf") since the first event in 1924.

History

The Deaflympics are held every four years, and are the longest running multi-sport event in history after the Olympics. The first games, held in Paris in 1924, were the first ever international sporting event for athletes with a disability. The event has been held every four years since, apart from a break for World War II, and an additional event, the Deaflympic Winter Games, was added in 1949. The games began as a small gathering of 148 athletes from nine European nations competing in the International Silent Games in Paris, France, in 1924; now, they have grown into a global movement.

Officially, the games were originally called the "International Games for the Deaf" from 1924 to 1965, but were sometimes also referred to as the "International Silent Games". From 1966 to 1999, they were called the "World Games for the Deaf", and occasionally referred to as the "World Silent Games". From 2001, the games have been known by their current name Deaflympics (often mistakenly called the Deaf Olympics).

To qualify for the games, athletes must have a hearing loss of at least 55 dB in their "better ear". Hearing aids, cochlear implants, and the like are not allowed to be used in competition, to place all athletes on the same level. Other examples of ways the games vary from hearing competitions are the manner in which they are officiated. To address the issue of Deaflympians not being able to be guided by sounds, certain sports use alternative methods of commencing the game. For example, the football referees wave a flag instead of blowing a whistle; on the track, races are started by using a light, instead of a starter pistol. It is also customary for spectators not to cheer or clap, but rather to wave with both hands, the Deaf form of applause.

After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the International Committee of Sports for the Deaf (ICSD) banned athletes from Russia and Belarus from that year's Deaflympics in Caxias do Sul, Brazil.

Host nations and cities

The Summer Deaflympic Games have been hosted by 24 cities in 20 countries, but by cities outside Europe on only seven occasions (Washington, D.C. 1965, Los Angeles in 1985, Christchurch in 1989, Melbourne in 2005, Taipei in 2009, Caxias do Sul in 2022, and Tokyo in 2025 – the most recently held event). The Winter Deaflympic Games have been hosted by 17 cities in 12 countries. The last winter Games were held in Erzurum, Turkey in 2023.

The 2011 Winter Games scheduled to be held in Vysoké Tatry, Slovakia were cancelled due to the lack of readiness by the organizing committee to host the games. The International Committee of Deaf Sports filed a criminal complaint against the Slovak Deaflympics Organizing Committee and its president, Mr. Jaromír Ruda. The criminal complaint demands reimbursement of the funds that were transferred to the Slovak Deaflympics Organizing Committee from national deaf sports federations, to cover hotel accommodations and other Deaflympics-related expenses. According to the Slovak newspaper, SME, "Jaromír Ruda, head of the Slovak Organising Committee, [is] a champion of promises and someone who is accused of a 1.6 million Euro Deaflympics-related fraud". In a letter to the United States Deaflympians, International Committee of Sports for the Deaf ICSD President Craig Crowley expressed "his deep apologies for the cancellation of the 17th Winter Deaflympics". Currently, the Slovak Deaflympic Committee and the Slovakia Association of Deaf Sportsmen Unions have been suspended. In 2013, the Special Criminal Court in Banská Bystrica sentenced Ruda to a prison term of 14+1⁄2 years for defrauding €1.6 million that should have been used for Winter Deaflympics.

The host cities and National Deaf Sports Associations for all past and scheduled games are as follows:

List of Summer Deaflympics hosts

GamesYearHostOpened byDatesNationsCompetitorsSportsEventsTop-ranked
TotalMenWomen
11924France Paris, FranceGaston Doumergue10–17 August91481471631France
21928Netherlands Amsterdam, NetherlandsWilhelmina of the Netherlands18–26 August1021219814538Great Britain
31931Germany Nuremberg, GermanyPaul von Hindenburg19–23 August1431628828643Germany
41935United Kingdom London, Great BritainGeorge V17–24 August1222117843541Great Britain
51939Sweden Stockholm, SwedenGustaf V24–27 August1325020842643Great Britain
61949Denmark Copenhagen, DenmarkFrederik IX of Denmark12–16 August1439134249751Great Britain
71953Belgium Brussels, BelgiumBaudouin of Belgium15–19 August1647343241757Germany
81957Italy Milan, ItalyGiovanni Gronchi25–30 August2563556570969Soviet Union
91961Finland Helsinki, FinlandUrho Kekkonen6–10 August246135031101094Soviet Union
101965United States Washington, D.C., United StatesLyndon B. Johnson27 June – 3 July27687575112985Soviet Union
111969Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Belgrade, YugoslaviaJosip Broz Tito9–16 August33118996422512105Soviet Union
121973Sweden Malmö, SwedenGustaf VI Adolf21–28 August3111168932231197United States
131977Romania Bucharest, RomaniaNicolae Ceauşescu17–27 July32115091323711106United States
141981West Germany Cologne, West GermanyHelmut Schmidt23 July – 1 August32119889330511110United States
151985United States Los Angeles, United StatesRonald Reagan10–20 August299957452501196United States
161989New Zealand Christchurch, New ZealandDavid Lange7–17 January3095572622912120United States
171993Bulgaria Sofia, BulgariaZhelyu Zhelev24 July – 2 August521,6791,29538412126United States
181997Denmark Copenhagen, DenmarkJohn M. Lovett13–26 July652,0281,49653414140United States
192001Italy Rome, ItalyCarlo Azeglio Ciampi22 July – 1 August672,2081,56264614143United States
202005Australia Melbourne, AustraliaMarigold Southey5–16 January632,0381,40263614147Ukraine
212009Taipei, Chinese Taipei 1Ma Ying-jeou5–15 September802,6701,71477917177Russia
222013Bulgaria Sofia, Bulgaria 2Rosen Plevneliev26 July – 4 August 2832,7111,792919162032Russia
232017Turkey Samsun, TurkeyRecep Tayyip Erdoğan18–30 July972,8561,89795918219Russia
242022Brazil Caxias do Sul, BrazilMichelle Bolsonaro1–15 May 2022 3712,4121,64776518 3219 3Ukraine
252025Japan Tokyo, JapanÁdám Kósa15–26 November792,9111,8781,03318209Ukraine
262029Greece Athens, GreeceFuture event

1 TaiwanThe Republic of China (Taiwan) is recognised as Chinese Taipei by the CISS and the majority of international organisations it participates in due to political considerations and Cross-Strait relations with the People's Republic of China.

2 The marathon was held 4 days before the opening ceremony in Füssen, Germany on 21 July 2013.

3 Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Summer Deaflympics that were to be held in December 2021 were postponed until May 2022, and due to the small number of venues within the host city, the bowling events were transferred to Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and were held between 20 and 30 October 2022.

List of Winter Deaflympics hosts

GamesYearHostOpened byDatesNationsCompetitorsSportsEventsTop-ranked
TotalMenWomen
11949Austria Seefeld, Austria26–30 February53333025Switzerland
21953Norway Oslo, Norway20–24 February64442249Norway
31955Germany Oberammergau, West Germany10–13 February859545411Norway
41959Montana-Vermala, Switzerland27–31 January1042314Norway
51963Sweden Åre, Sweden12–16 March960213Austria
61967Germany Berchtesgaden, West Germany20–25 February1289211Norway
71971Adelboden, Switzerland25–30 February13145211Switzerland
81975United States Lake Placid, United States2–8 February13136412Canada
91979France Méribel, France21–27 January14180312Soviet Union
101983Italy Madonna di Campiglio, Italy13–23 January15147317Soviet Union
111987Norway Oslo, Norway7–14 February15169318Norway
121991Canada Banff, Canada2–9 March16175518Soviet Union
131995Finland Ylläs, Finland14–19 March18260415Russia
141999Davos, Switzerland6–14 March18273517Russia
152003Sweden Sundsvall, Sweden26 February – 9 March21259423Russia
162007United States Salt Lake City, United States1–10 February23302526Russia
172011Slovakia Vysoké Tatry, Slovakia16–28 FebruaryCancelled
182015Russia Khanty-Mansiysk and Magnitogorsk, RussiaVitaly Mutko28 March – 5 April27344531Russia
192019Italy Sondrio Province, ItalyMarco Scaramellini12–21 December34493736Russia
202023Turkey Erzurum, TurkeyMustafa Çiftçi2–12 March 202436534314220634Ukraine
212027Austria Innsbruck, AustriaFuture event15-24 JanuaryFuture event

Youth Games

1st Summer Youth Deaf Games was held in 2024 in Brazil with 17 nations in 4 sports (28 events).

All-time medal table

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
Summer Deaflympics An all-time Summer Deaflympics from 1924 Summer Deaflympics to 2025 Summer Deaflympics, is tabulated below. The table is simply the consequence of the sum of the medal tables of the various editions of the Summer Deaflympics. RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal1United States3933283751,0962Russia2372062236663Ukraine1982151996124Soviet Union1731241084055West Germany1211211203626Iran113911113157Italy1001031243278Japan9585832639South Korea90868125710France789510127411Great Britain72889925912Sweden65846521413Germany5910210326414China58506617415Hungary52554715416Finland50524714917Denmark47405414118Australia46303110719Poland44819822320Turkey44599619921Belarus37482410922South Africa3517106223India3516257624Netherlands3336299825Chinese Taipei32545614226Canada32413811127Norway3228258528Individual Neutral Athletes321285229Kenya2626298130Yugoslavia2413215831Czech Republic2213185332Lithuania1826337733Ireland1615114234Bulgaria15435211035Belgium1529428636Kazakhstan1512396637Estonia158153838Cuba157133539Venezuela1414326040Croatia11682541Portugal10672342Switzerland916164143Greece812153544East Germany7882345Romania69142946Slovakia6551647Latvia5861948New Zealand5671849Mexico5541450Czechoslovakia3791951Puerto Rico301452Malaysia2941553Austria27101954Mongolia26162455Colombia2371256Kyrgyzstan22131757Slovenia2261058Brazil21131659Ecuador2114Singapore211461Macau201362Spain1571363Algeria1551164Uzbekistan1481365Argentina1461166Dominican Republic110267Thailand102368United Arab Emirates101269Chile100170Armenia02131571Georgia0213Nigeria021373Indonesia0134Israel0134Serbia013476Moldova011277Azerbaijan0101Iceland010179Saudi Arabia003380Cyprus0022Hong Kong002282Egypt0011Philippines0011Turkmenistan0011Totals (84 entries)2,7042,7042,9878,395Winter Deaflympics An all-time Winter Deaflympics from 1949 Winter Deaflympics to 2023 Winter Deaflympics, is tabulated below. The table is simply the consequence of the sum of the medal tables of the various editions of the Winter Deaflympics. RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal1Russia5340421352Norway4836401243Soviet Union242621714Austria232627765Italy221416526United States212934847Finland212120628Switzerland202924739Czech Republic18963310Canada18883411Ukraine1419134612Germany1319306213France1117154314China108112915Japan8662016Australia6411117Poland5511118Sweden215102719Slovakia250720Slovenia223721Great Britain222622Croatia114623Kazakhstan101224Iran1001Israel1001Latvia1001Spain100128South Korea023529Hungary012330Brazil0112Yugoslavia011232Lithuania010133Serbia0011Turkey0011Totals (34 entries)3493473441,040
1United States3933283751,096
2Russia237206223666
3Ukraine198215199612
4Soviet Union173124108405
5West Germany121121120362
6Iran11391111315
7Italy100103124327
8Japan958583263
9South Korea908681257
10France7895101274
11Great Britain728899259
12Sweden658465214
13Germany59102103264
14China585066174
15Hungary525547154
16Finland505247149
17Denmark474054141
18Australia463031107
19Poland448198223
20Turkey445996199
21Belarus374824109
22South Africa35171062
23India35162576
24Netherlands33362998
25Chinese Taipei325456142
26Canada324138111
27Norway32282585
28Individual Neutral Athletes3212852
29Kenya26262981
30Yugoslavia24132158
31Czech Republic22131853
32Lithuania18263377
33Ireland16151142
34Bulgaria154352110
35Belgium15294286
36Kazakhstan15123966
37Estonia1581538
38Cuba1571335
39Venezuela14143260
40Croatia116825
41Portugal106723
42Switzerland9161641
43Greece8121535
44East Germany78823
45Romania691429
46Slovakia65516
47Latvia58619
48New Zealand56718
49Mexico55414
50Czechoslovakia37919
51Puerto Rico3014
52Malaysia29415
53Austria271019
54Mongolia261624
55Colombia23712
56Kyrgyzstan221317
57Slovenia22610
58Brazil211316
59Ecuador2114
Singapore2114
61Macau2013
62Spain15713
63Algeria15511
64Uzbekistan14813
65Argentina14611
66Dominican Republic1102
67Thailand1023
68United Arab Emirates1012
69Chile1001
70Armenia021315
71Georgia0213
Nigeria0213
73Indonesia0134
Israel0134
Serbia0134
76Moldova0112
77Azerbaijan0101
Iceland0101
79Saudi Arabia0033
80Cyprus0022
Hong Kong0022
82Egypt0011
Philippines0011
Turkmenistan0011
Totals (84 entries)2,7042,7042,9878,395
RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1Russia534042135
2Norway483640124
3Soviet Union24262171
4Austria23262776
5Italy22141652
6United States21293484
7Finland21212062
8Switzerland20292473
9Czech Republic189633
10Canada188834
11Ukraine14191346
12Germany13193062
13France11171543
14China1081129
15Japan86620
16Australia64111
17Poland55111
18Sweden2151027
19Slovakia2507
20Slovenia2237
21Great Britain2226
22Croatia1146
23Kazakhstan1012
24Iran1001
Israel1001
Latvia1001
Spain1001
28South Korea0235
29Hungary0123
30Brazil0112
Yugoslavia0112
32Lithuania0101
33Serbia0011
Turkey0011
Totals (34 entries)3493473441,040

Combined

As of August 2024 (after the Winter Games in Erzurum)
RankNationSummerWinterCombined
TotalTotalTotal
1United States3933283751096212934844143574091180
2Russia237206223666534042135290246265801
3Ukraine19821519961114191346212234212658
4Soviet Union17312410840524262171197150129476
5Italy10010312432722141652122117140379
6West Germany1211211203620000121121120362
7Iran1139111131510011148192316
8Japan958583263866201039189283
9South Korea9086812570235908884262
10France78951002731117154389112115316
11Norway32282585483640124806465209
12Great Britain72889925922267490101265
13Germany591021032641319306272121133326
14Finland50524714921212062717367211
15Sweden6584632122151027679973239
16China5850661741081129685877203
17Hungary5255471540123525649157
18Australia45293310764111513334118
19Poland44819822355111498699234
20Canada324138111188834504946145
21Denmark4740541410000474054141
22Turkey4251801730011425181174
23Czech Republic2012154718963338212180
24Belarus3748241090000374824109
25South Africa35171062000035171062
26Netherlands33352997000033352997
27Chinese Taipei3148501290000314850129
28Switzerland916164120292473294540114
29India269215600002692156
30Austria268162326277625323592
31Yugoslavia24132158011224142260
32Kenya21202566000021202566
33Ireland16151142000016151142
34Bulgaria1543511090000154351109
35Belgium15294185000015294185
36Lithuania15223067010115233068
37Venezuela14132754000014132754
38Cuba146123200001461232
39Estonia128153500001281535
40Kazakhstan7826411012882743
41Croatia76316114687722
42Greece711133100007111331
43Slovakia555152507710522
44East Germany78823000078823
45Portugal74617000074617
46Romania6914290000691429
47Latvia57416100167417
48New Zealand56718000056718
49Slovenia2237223744614
50Malaysia3114180000311418
51Czechoslovakia37919000037919
52Mexico333900003339
53Puerto Rico301400003014
54Mongolia2614220000261422
55Spain15713100125714
56Singapore211400002114
57Argentina14510000014510
58Brazil1113150112121417
59Colombia122500001225
60Algeria113500001135
61Dominican Republic110200001102
Ecuador110200001102
63Israel003310011034
64Macau101200001012
Thailand101200001012
United Arab Emirates101200001012
67Chile100100001001
68Kyrgyzstan02911000002911
69Georgia021300000213
Nigeria021300000213
71Armenia0110110000011011
72Serbia013400110145
73Indonesia013400000134
74Moldova011200000112
75Azerbaijan010100000101
Iceland010100000101
77Uzbekistan004400000044
78Saudi Arabia003300000033
79Cyprus001100000011
Egypt001100000011
Hong Kong001100000011
Turkmenistan001100000011
Philippines001100000011
Total- (83 entries)249624982709770334934734410402845284530538743

Sports

Summer Deaflympics

The following sports have been contested in a Summer Deaflympic Games programme:

Sport (Discipline)Body24283135394953576165697377818589939701050913172125
Current summer sports
Aquatics – Swimming7101110111418141415171726263431343238383838404542
Athletics17202323232426323233343435303236404043424344434543
Badminton55666665666
BasketballDIBF11111111222222222222
Bowling1010101081277
Cycling – Mountain2224
Cycling – Road3311111333333444444447888
Football1111111111111111112222222
Golf223
Handball211121112111121
Judo1017171616
Karate515181614
Orienteering66589109
Shooting1123343334444877661011121313
Table Tennis55775777777777777
Taekwondo813131111
Tennis2255555555555555555555555
Volleyball – Beach222222
Volleyball – Indoor222222222222222
Wrestling – Freestyle88810101010101088777886
Wrestling – Greco-Roman88810101010101088777886
Discontinued summer sports
Aquatics – Diving1111111111
Aquatics – Water Polo11111111111
Gymnastics – Artistic22131212
Demonstration summer sports
Gymnastics – Artistic
Gymnastics – Rhythmic
Total313843454751576994851059710611096120126140143147177203219219209

Winter Deaflympics

The following sports have been contested in a Winter Deaflympic Games programme:

Sport (Discipline)Body49535559636771757983879195990307151923
Current winter sports
Chess45
Curling2223
Futsal2
Ice hockey1111111
Skiing – Alpine346108666688688810101010
Skiing – Snowboarding6510106
Skiing – NordicCross-country2333555666666889898
Discontinued winter sports
Skiing – Nordic – Nordic combined11
Skiing – Nordic – Ski jumping111
Speed skating345
Demonstration winter sports
Curling
Ice hockey
Skiing – Snowboarding
Speed skating
Total591114131111121217181815172327313634

See also

External links

  • – official website