Esterase
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In biochemistry, an esterase is a class of enzyme that splits esters into an acid and an alcohol in a chemical reaction with water called hydrolysis (and as such, it is a type of hydrolase).
A wide range of different esterases exist that differ in their substrate specificity, their protein structure, and their biological function.
EC classification/list of enzymes
- EC 3.1.1: Carboxylic ester hydrolases Acetylesterase (EC 3.1.1.6), splits off acetyl groups Cholinesterase Acetylcholinesterase, inactivates the neurotransmitter acetylcholine Pseudocholinesterase, broad substrate specificity, found in the blood plasma and in the liver Pectinesterase (EC 3.1.1.11), clarifies fruit juices
- EC 3.1.2: Thiolester hydrolases Thioesterase Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1
- EC 3.1.3: Phosphoric monoester hydrolases Phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.x), hydrolyses phosphoric acid monoesters into a phosphate ion and an alcohol Alkaline phosphatase, removes phosphate groups from many types of molecules, including nucleotides, proteins, and alkaloids. Phosphodiesterase (PDE), inactivates the second messenger cAMP cGMP specific phosphodiesterase type 5, is inhibited by Sildenafil (Viagra) Fructose bisphosphatase (3.1.3.11), converts fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate in gluconeogenesis
- EC 3.1.4: Phosphoric diester hydrolases
- EC 3.1.5: Triphosphoric monoester hydrolases
- EC 3.1.6: Sulfuric ester hydrolases (sulfatases)
- EC 3.1.7: Diphosphoric monoester hydrolases
- EC 3.1.8: Phosphoric triester hydrolases
- Exonucleases (deoxyribonucleases and ribonucleases) EC 3.1.11: Exodeoxyribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters EC 3.1.13: Exoribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters EC 3.1.14: Exoribonucleases producing 3'-phosphomonoesters EC 3.1.15: Exonucleases active with either ribo- or deoxy-
- Endonucleases (deoxyribonucleases and ribonucleases) Endodeoxyribonuclease Endoribonuclease either deoxy- or ribo-
See also
- Enzyme
- List of enzymes
- Carboxylic acid
- Ester
- Leukocyte esterase
- Hemagglutinin esterase
- Nuclease
- Lipase
- Asymmetric ester hydrolysis with pig-liver esterase