| Record | Holder | Location | Coordinates/ Measurement | References |
| Northernmost tip (Main island) | Cape Fugui | Shimen District, New Taipei City | 25° 18' 20" N | |
| Northernmost tip (Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu) | Beigu Islet (北固礁) | Dongyin Township, Lienchiang County | 26° 23' N | |
| Northernmost tip (Exclude Fujian and claims on Senkaku) | Pengjia Islet | Zhongzheng District, Keelung | 25° 37' 46" N | |
| Southernmost tip (Mainland) | Eluanbi | Hengchun Township, Pingtung County | 21° 53' 50" N | |
| Easternmost tip (Main island) | Cape of San Diego | Gongliao District, New Taipei City | 121° 59' 15" E | |
| Southernmost tip (Islands close to Taiwan Island) | Qixingyan (Taiwan) | Pingtung County | 21° 45' 32" N | |
| Easternmost tip (Including Islands) | Pingfong Rock (屏風岩), east of Mien-hwa Islet | Zhongzheng District, Keelung | 122° 06' 25" E | |
| Easternmost tip (Including claims on Senkaku) | Taishō-tō (大正島) (claimed as Chiwei Isle (赤尾嶼)) | Senkaku Islands (claimed as part of Toucheng Township, Yilan County) | 124° 34' E | |
| Westernmost tip (Islands close to Taiwan Island; excluding Penghu/Pescadores) | Wai San Ding Alluvion (外傘頂洲) | Kouhu Township, Yunlin County | 120° 4' 0" E | |
| Westernmost tip (exclude Spratly Islands) | Pratas Island | Cijin District, Kaohsiung | 116° 42' 0" E | |
| Westernmost tip & Southernmost tip (Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu) | Taiping Island | Cijin District, Kaohsiung | 114° 21' 57" E | disputed |
| Highest mountain | Mount Yu | Xinyi Township, Nantou County; Taoyuan District, Kaohsiung; Alishan Township, Chiayi County | 3,952 m | |
| Longest river | Zhuoshui River | Nantou County, Chiayi County, Changhua County, Yunlin County | 186 km | |
| Largest lake | Sun Moon Lake | Yuchi Township, Nantou County | 8.4 km2 | |
| Largest plain | Chianan Plain | Yunlin County, Chiayi County, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Changhua County | 2,500 km2 | |
