The fixed-dose procedure (FDP), proposed in 1992 by the British Toxicology Society, is a method to assess a substance's acute oral toxicity.

In comparison to the older LD50 test developed in 1927, this procedure produces similar results while using fewer animals and causing less pain and suffering. As a result, in 1992 this test was proposed as an alternative to the LD50 test by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development under OECD Test Guideline 420. However, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has begun to approve non-animal alternatives in response to research cruelty concerns and the lack of validity/sensitivity of animal tests as they relate to humans.

See also

Further reading

  • Whitehead, A.; Curnow, R.N. (April 1992). "Statistical evaluation of the fixed-dose procedure". Food and Chemical Toxicology. 30 (4): 313–324. doi:. PMID .
  • Lipnick, R.L.; Cotruvo, J.A.; Hill, R.N.; Bruce, R.D.; Stitzel, K.A.; Walker, A.P.; Chu, I.; Goddard, M.; Segal, L.; Springer, J.A.; Myers, R.C. (March 1995). "Comparison of the up-and-down, conventional LD50, and fixed-dose acute toxicity procedures". Food and Chemical Toxicology. 33 (3): 223–231. doi:. PMID .
  • Yam, J.; Reer, P.J.; Bruce, R.D. (January 1991). "Comparison of the up-and-down method and the fixed-dose procedure for acute oral toxicity testing". Food and Chemical Toxicology. 29 (4): 259–263. doi:. PMID .
  • Stallard, Nigel; Whitehead, Anne (9 April 2019). . Alternatives to Laboratory Animals. 32 (2_suppl): 13–21. doi:. PMID . S2CID .
  • Stallard, N.; Whitehead, A. (2 July 2016). "The fixed-dose procedure and the acute-toxic-class method: a mathematical comparison". Human & Experimental Toxicology. 14 (12): 974–990. doi:. PMID . S2CID .
  • Stallard, Nigel; Whitehead, Anne; Indans, Ian (2 July 2016). . Human & Experimental Toxicology. 23 (8): 405–412. doi:. PMID . S2CID .
  • Ellard, GA (November 1999). . The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 3 (11 Suppl 3): S322-4, discussion S351-2. PMID .