Fu'an dialect
In-game article clicks load inline without leaving the challenge.
The Fu'an dialect (福安話) is a dialect of Eastern Min, which is a branch of Min Chinese spoken mainly in the eastern part of Fujian Province, China.
The Fu'an dialect covers two city and three counties: Ningde, Fu'an, Shouning, Zhouning and Zherong County.
Phonology
The Fu'an dialect has 18 initials, 50 rimes and 7 tones.
Initials
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | p | pʰ | t | tʰ | k | kʰ | ʔ | ||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||||||||
| Fricative | (β) | (f) | θ | (ʒ) | (ç) | x | |||||
| Affricate | ts | tsʰ | |||||||||
| Lateral | l | ||||||||||
| Approximant | j | ɰ |
Rimes
| Open syllable | i | u | e | ɛ | ø | œ | o | ɔ | a |
| ui | ei | ɔi | ai | ||||||
| uai | |||||||||
| iu | eu | ɛu | ou | au | |||||
| iau | |||||||||
| Nasal coda | iŋ (in, im) | uŋ (un, um) | øŋ (øn, øm) | œŋ (œn, œm) | aŋ (an, am) | ||||
| ioŋ (ion, iom) | iaŋ (ian, iam) | ||||||||
| uaŋ (uan, uam) | |||||||||
| ɛŋ (ɛn, ɛm) | ouŋ (oun, oum) | ɔuŋ (ɔun, ɔum) | |||||||
| Glottal coda | iʔ | uʔ | øʔ | œʔ | oʔ | ɔʔ | aʔ | ||
| ioʔ | iaʔ | ||||||||
| uaʔ | |||||||||
| eiʔ | ɛiʔ | ouʔ | ɔuʔ | ||||||
| Nasal | m̝ | n̝ | ŋ̍ | hŋ̍ |
Tones
| No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| Tone name | dark level 陰平 | light level 陽平 | rising 上聲 | dark departing 陰去 | light departing 陽去 | dark entering 陰入 | light entering 陽入 |
| Tone contour | ˧˧˨ 332 | ˨ 22 | ˦˨ 42 | ˧˥ 35 | ˨˧ 23 | ˥ 5 | ˨ 2 |
Progressive assimilation
| The Coda of the Former Syllable | The initial assimilation of the Latter Syllable |
|---|---|
| Null coda | /k/, /kʰ/ and /h/ change to null initial; /ts/, /tsʰ/ and /s/ change to null initial, /l/ or /ʒ/. |
| coda /-ŋ/ | /t/, /tʰ/ change to /n/; /p/, /pʰ/ change to /m/; /k/, /kʰ/ and /h/ change to /ŋ/; /ts/, /tsʰ/ and /s/ change to /ŋ/, /n/ or /ʒ/. |
| coda /-k̚/ | /t/, /tʰ/ change to /l/; /k/, /kʰ/ and /h/ change to null initial; /ts/, /tsʰ/ and /s/ change to null initial, /l/ or /ʒ/. |
Anticipatory assimilation
Tone sandhi
The two-syllable tonal sandhi rules are shown in the table below (the rows give the first syllable's original citation tone, while the columns give the citation tone of the second syllable). Shaded cells indicate that tones of both the first and second syllables undergo change.
| dark level 332 | light level 22 | rising 42 | dark departing 35 | light departing 23 | dark entering 5 | light entering 2 | |
| dark level 332 | 55 | 55 | 44 | 44 | |||
| light level 22 | 332 | 35+42 | 55 | 44 | 44 | ||
| rising 42 | 23+332 | 35+42 | 55 | 44 | 44 | ||
| dark departing 35 | 55 | 55 | 44 | 44 | |||
| light departing 23 | 55 | 55 | 44 | 44 | |||
| dark entering 5 | 55 | 55 | 44 | 44 | |||
| light entering 2 | 35+5 | 55 | 44 | 44 |
Notes
- Compilation Commission of Chorography of Fu'an City 福建省福安市地方志编纂委员会 (1999). . Vol. 37. Beijing: Fangzhi chubanshe 方志出版社 ["Chorography Press"]. ISBN 7-80122-540-6..