Geophagini
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Geophagini is a tribe of cichlids from the subfamily Cichlinae, the American cichlids. It is the sister taxon to the clade which includes the Cichlasomatini and Heroini. Fishes in the Geophagini are distributed from Panama south to Argentina, it is the most speciose of the seven tribes within the Cichlinae and it is subdivided into three sub-tribes, Acarichthyina, Crenicaratina, and Geophagina which together contain over 200 species. Geophagines show morphological and behavioural specialisations to enable them to sift the substrates within their mouths so that they can separate benthic invertebrates from substrates dominated by sand or silt.
Classification
The Geophagini are classified as follows:
- Subtribe Acarichthyina Kullander, 1998 Genus Acarichthys C. H. Eigenmann, 1912 Genus Guianacara Kullander & Nijssen, 1989
- Subtribe Crenicaratina Kullander, 1998 Genus Biotoecus C. H. Eigenmann & C. H. Kennedy, 1903 Genus Crenicara Steindachner, 1875 Genus Crenicichla Heckel, 1840 Now split into Hemeraia, Lugubria, Saxatilia and Wallaciia Genus Dicrossus Steindachner, 1875 Genus Teleocichla Kullander, 1988
- Subtribe Geophagina Haseman, 1911 Genus Apistogramma Regan, 1913 Genus Apistogrammoides Meinken, 1965 Genus Biotodoma C. H. Eigenmann & C. H. Kennedy, 1903 Genus Geophagus Heckel, 1840 Genus Gymnogeophagus Miranda-Ribeiro, 1918 Genus Mazarunia Kullander, 1990 Genus Mikrogeophagus Meulengracht-Madsen, 1968 Genus Satanoperca Günther, 1862 Genus Taeniacara G. S. Myers, 1935