Glycerol (data page)
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This page provides supplementary chemical data on glycerol.
Material Safety Data Sheet
The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommended that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source and follow its directions.
Structure and properties
| Structure and properties | |
|---|---|
| Index of refraction, nD | 1.4729 at 20 °C |
| Abbe number | ? |
| Dielectric constant, εr | 42.5 ε0 at 25 °C |
| Bond strength | ? |
| Bond length | ? |
| Bond angle | ? |
| Magnetic susceptibility | ? |
| Surface tension | 63.4 mN/m at 20 °C 58.6 mN/m at 90 °C 51.9 mN/m at 150 °C |
| Viscosity | 1.412 Pa·s at 20 °C |
Thermodynamic properties
| Phase behavior | |
|---|---|
| Triple point | 291.8 K (18.7 °C), ~99500 Pa |
| Critical point | 850 K (577 °C), 7500 kPa |
| Std enthalpy change of fusion, ΔfusHo | 18.28 kJ/mol |
| Std entropy change of fusion, ΔfusSo | 62.7 J/(mol·K) |
| Std enthalpy change of vaporization, ΔvapHo | 91.7 kJ/mol |
| Std entropy change of vaporization, ΔvapSo | 201 J/(mol·K) |
| Solid properties | |
| Std enthalpy change of formation, ΔfHosolid | ? kJ/mol |
| Standard molar entropy, Sosolid | 37.87 J/(mol K) |
| Heat capacity, cp | 150. J/(mol K) 6 °C - 11 °C |
| Liquid properties | |
| Std enthalpy change of formation, ΔfHoliquid | –669.6 kJ/mol |
| Standard molar entropy, Soliquid | 206.3 J/(mol K) |
| Enthalpy of combustion, ΔcHo | –1654.3 kJ/mol |
| Heat capacity, cp | 221.9 J/(mol K) at 25 °C |
| Gas properties | |
| Std enthalpy change of formation, ΔfHogas | –577.9 kJ/mol |
| Standard molar entropy, Sogas | ? J/(mol K) |
| Heat capacity, cp | ? J/(mol K) |
Vapor pressure of liquid
| P in mm Hg | 1 | 10 | 40 | 100 | 400 | 760 |
| T in °C | 125.5 | 167.2 | 198.0 | 220.1 | 263.0 | 290.0 |
Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 44th ed.
loge of Glycerol vapor pressure. Uses formula: log e P k P a = {\displaystyle \scriptstyle \log _{e}P_{kPa}=}A × l n ( T ) + B / T + C + D × T 2 {\displaystyle \scriptstyle A\times ln(T)+B/T+C+D\times T^{2}} with coefficients A=-2.125867E+01, B=-1.672626E+04, C=1.655099E+02, and D=1.100480E-05 obtained from CHERIC
Freezing point of aqueous solutions
| % glycerol by weight | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 100 |
| Freezing point °C | –1.6 | –4.8 | –9.5 | –15.5 | –22.0 | –33.6 | –37.8 | –19.2 | –1.6 | 17.0 |
| Specific gravity d15° | 1.02415 | 1.04935 | 1.07560 | 1.10255 | 1.12985 | 1.15770 | 1.18540 | 1.21290 | 1.23950 | 1.26557 |
Table data obtained from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. Specific gravity is at 15 °C, referenced to water at 15 °C.
See details on: Dow Chemical or Freezing Points of Glycerol and Its Aqueous Solutions.
Distillation data
| BP Temp. °C | % by mole water | |
|---|---|---|
| Vapor-liquid Equilibrium of Glycerol/water P = 760 mmHg | ||
| liquid | vapor | |
| 278.8 | 2.75 | 93.15 |
| 247.0 | 4.67 | 94.73 |
| 224.0 | 6.90 | 95.63 |
| 219.2 | 7.67 | 97.43 |
| 210.0 | 9.01 | 97.83 |
| 202.5 | 10.31 | 97.24 |
| 196.5 | 11.59 | 98.39 |
| 175.2 | 17.56 | 98.99 |
| 149.3 | 30.04 | 99.64 |
| 137.2 | 38.47 | 99.76 |
| 136.8 | 38.95 | 98.78 |
| 131.8 | 43.58 | 99.76 |
| 121.5 | 56.33 | 99.84 |
| 112.8 | 70.68 | 99.93 |
| 111.3 | 73.86 | 99.94 |
| 106.3 | 84.42 | 99.96 |
Spectral data
| UV-Vis | |
|---|---|
| λmax | ? nm |
| Extinction coefficient, ε | ? |
| IR | |
| Major absorption bands | ? cm−1 |
| NMR | |
| Proton NMR | |
| Carbon-13 NMR | |
| Other NMR data | |
| MS | |
| Masses of main fragments |
- Except where noted otherwise, data relate to Standard temperature and pressure.
- Reliability of data general note.