Hamengkubuwono II (also spelled Hamengkubuwana II, 7 March 1750 – 3 January 1828), born Raden Mas Sundoro, was the second sultan of Yogyakarta 1792–1810, 1811–12 and finally 1826–28 during the Java War.

Early life

He was the fifth son of Hamengkubuwana I, eldest son born to his second queen consort, Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Kadipaten. He spent his childhood with his mother, in a refugee camp due to the war against the VOC.

At his youth, he was sent to Surakarta, intended to getting know better his future bride candidate, Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Alit, the eldest daughter of Pakubuwana III. The son of their union would be expected to reunite Kasultanan Yogyakarta and Kasunanan Surakarta. However, the plan failed as Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Alit, sooner or later wed Kanjeng Pangeran Harya Prabu Hamijaya, eldest son of Mangkunegara I born to junior wife, Raden Ayu Kusumapatahati. This was considered humiliation to Yogyakarta which resulted in the return of his half sister, Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Bendara, who sued Mangkunegara I in divorce.

Reign

He succeeded his father, Hamengkubuwono I who died in 1792. After Daendels pressured him, in December 1810, he was forced to abdicate in favour of his son, Raden Mas Surojo who was made the new sultan, under the name Hamengkubuwono III. However, nearly one year later, in 1811, the English under Stamford Raffles restored him to the throne. However, due to his aggressive behaviour towards the English, six months later in June 1812, he was deposed and exiled to Penang. He returned to Java in 1815, but in 1817, deeming him as a threat, he was exiled for the second time by the Dutch, this time to Ambon.

In 1826, the Dutch decided to return him from exile and restored him as the sultan. His third reign coincided with the Java War. On 3 January 1828, he died. He was succeeded by his great-grandson, Hamengkubuwono V. He was buried in Kotagede instead of the royal graveyard of Imogiri, due to the turbulence at the time.

Family

Queen Consorts

  1. Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Kedhaton daughter of Kanjeng Raden Tumenggung Purwadiningrat of Magetan.
  2. Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Hemas daughter of Kanjeng Pangeran Harya Pakuningrat and Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Alit. She was a granddaughter of Pakubuwana II by maternal side.
  3. Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Kencana Wulan daughter of Ki Bener.
  4. Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Sultan daughter of Kanjeng Raden Tumenggung Resagata of Sukawati.

Notable Children

  1. Gusti Raden Mas Suraja son of GKR. Kedhaton, then Hamengkubuwana III.
  2. Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Bendara son of GKR. Kedhaton. Married to her first cousin, Kanjeng Raden Tumenggung Sumadiningrat.
  3. Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Haryo Mangkudiningrat son of GKR Hemas. Great-great-grandfather of Sukarno.
  4. Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Hangger daughter of GKR. Kedhaton. Married to Danureja II, Patih Yogyakarta.
  5. Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Maduratna daughter of GKR. Kedhaton. Married to Kanjeng Raden Tumenggung Rangga Prawiradirja III of Magetan.
  6. Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Hayu daughter of GKR. Kencana Wulan. Married to Paku Alam II of Yogyakarta.
  7. Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Anom daughter of GKR. Kencana Wulan. Married to Kanjeng Pangeran Harya Purwanegara.
  8. Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Timur daughter of GKR. Kencana Wulan. Married to Kanjeng Pangeran Harya Suryaningprang, son of Paku Alam I.
  9. Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Sasi daughter of GKR. Kencana Wulan. Married to Danureja III, Patih Yogyakarta.
  10. Gusti Pangeran Haryo Mangkubumi / Kanjeng Gusti Panembahan Mangkurat son of GKR. Kedhaton. main supporters of Pangeran Diponegoro and one of his commander war in chief.
  11. Bendoro Pangeran Haryo Joyokusumo / Bendoro Pangeran Haryo Hangabehi son of Bendoro Mas Ayu Sumarsonowati. his maternal side are one of the sultan concubine, whom was Javanese-Chinese ethnic or commonly known as Peranakan Chinese. one of Pangeran Diponegoro beloved uncle and loyal supporters. in Java War he acted as war strategist and battlefield commander
  12. Bendara Pangeran Harya Martosono/Bendara Pangeran Harya Murdaningrat great-great-grandfather of Raden Mas Margono Djojohadikusumo.
  13. Bendara Pangeran Harya Sutawijaya son of BRAy. Dayaraga, Wakil Dalem to Hamengkubuwana V.

Notable Descendants

  1. Diponegoro son of Gusti Raden Mas Suraja. An Indonesian National Hero who resisted Dutch colonial rule during Java War (1825-1830).
  2. Sukarno great-great-grandson of Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Harya Mangkudiningrat, son of GKR Hemas, Indonesian Founding Father and the first president of Indonesia.
  3. Freya Jayawardana, a member of JKT48. in her 17th Birthday, she received a noble title "Raden Roro."
  4. Margono Djojohadikusumo great-great-grandson of Bendara Pangeran Harya Martosono, the founder and first president of Bank Negara Indonesia.
  5. Sumitro Djojohadikusumo great-great-great-grandson of Bendara Pangeran Harya Martosono, ministry during the administrations of Sukarno and Suharto.
  6. Prabowo Subianto great-great-great-great-grandson of Bendara Pangeran Harya Martosono, eigth president of Indonesia.
  7. Hashim Djojohadikusumo great-great-great-great-grandson of Bendara Pangeran Harya Martosono, an Indonesian entrepreneur and billionaire.
  8. Didit Hediprasetyo great-great-great-great-great-grandson of Bendara Pangeran Harya Martosono, an Indonesian fashion designer.
  9. Aryo Djojohadikusumo great-great-great-great-great-grandson of Bendara Pangeran Harya Martosono, an Indonesian Representative Council.
  10. Rahayu Saraswati great-great-great-great-great-granddaughter of Bendara Pangeran Pangeran Harya Martosono, an Indonesian Representative Council.

Notes

See also

Regnal titles
Preceded byHamengkubuwono ISultan of Yogyakarta (First Reign) 1792–1810Succeeded byHamengkubuwono III
Preceded byHamengkubuwono IIISultan of Yogyakarta (Second Reign) 1811–1812Succeeded byHamengkubuwono III
Preceded byHamengkubuwono VSultan of Yogyakarta (Third Reign) 1826–1828Succeeded byHamengkubuwono V