Hamengkubuwono X
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Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono X (Javanese: ꦯꦿꦶꦯꦸꦭ꧀ꦡꦟ꧀ꦲꦩꦼꦁꦑꦸꦨꦮꦟ꧇꧑꧐꧇, also spelled as Hamengkubuwana X, often abbreviated as HB X; born Bendara Raden Mas Herjuno Darpito, 2 April 1946) is the Sultan of the historic Yogyakarta Sultanate in Indonesia. Since 1998, he has also served as Governor of the Special Region of Yogyakarta (Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta).
Hamengkubuwono X succeeded his father, Hamengkubuwono IX, as the Sultan of Yogyakarta when Hamengkubuwono IX died on 3 October 1988. Hamengkubuwono X was formally installed as Sultan on 7 March 1989. However, the position of the Governor of the Yogyakarta Special Region did not go to Hamengkubuwono X. Vice Governor Sri Paku Alam VIII, prince of the subordinate enclave of Paku Alaman within Yogyakarta, was instead controversially elevated to the position of governor. This was contrary to the agreement made at the time of Indonesia's independence in recognition of Hamengkubuwono IX's support and role in the Indonesian War of Independence. Under the agreement, the Sultan holds the position of governor in the Yogyakarta Special Region, and the Paku Alam holds the position of vice governor.
On 30 August 2012, following a decade of talks between Yogyakarta and the central government, the national legislature of Indonesia formally enshrined in law the convention that the Sultan inherited the position of governor.
Biography
Hamengkubuwono X's parents were Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX and his wife Raden Ajeng Siti Kustina (Bandara Raden Ayu Widyaningrum/Kanjeng Raden Ayu Widyaningrum/Raden Ayu Adipati Anum). He was a graduate of Public Administration at the Faculty of Law of Gadjah Mada University in Yogyakarta. He was active as Chairman of the Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Chairman of the Sports Committee of the Special Region of Yogyakarta, chairman and managing director of PT Punokawan Construction, and President of the PG Madukismo Commissioner. In July 1996, he was appointed Chairman of the Special Region of Yogyakarta Expert Council to the Governor.[citation needed]
He participated in street protests in support of the May 1998 student demonstrations opposing Suharto's rule.[citation needed]
In 2010, he formed Nasional Demokrat together with Surya Paloh, which later became the NasDem Party. Hamengkubuwono X later left the organization before the political inception.[citation needed]
Personal life
Hamengkubuwono X has discontinued the polygamist tradition of Javanese monarchs having several wives and possibly multiple concubines, following his father's wishes to modernize the royal system. He is married to Queen Hemas. Together, they have five daughters: Crown Princess Mangkubumi, Princess Condrokirono, Princess Maduretno, Princess Hayu, and Princess Bendara. His decision to appoint his eldest daughter as heir presumptive ended the previously agnatic primogeniture succession and has become subject to controversy.
Hamengkubuwono X resides in the Keraton Yogyakarta complex and uses the Governor's mansion solely for political affairs.[citation needed]
Titles and honours
Titles
In Javanese Kraton (palaces), the names of individuals change with respect to a change in status:
- From birth until marriage: Bendoro Raden Mas Herjuno Darpito
- Post-nuptial until appointment as Crown Prince: Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Harya (KGPH) Mangkubumi
- As Heir Apparent Crown Prince: Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Anom (KGPAAn) Hamengku Negara Sudibya Raja Putra Nalendra Mataram.
- As Sultan: Ngarsa Dalem Sampeyan Dalem Ingkang Sinuwun Kangjeng Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono Senapati ing Ngalogo Ngabdurrokhman Sayidin Panatagama Khalifatullah ingkang jumeneng kaping X
His style and title in full English: His Majesty The Sultan Hamengkubuwono the Tenth, Commander-in-Chief in war, Servant of the Most Gracious, Cleric and Caliph that Safeguards the Religion
National honours
- Indonesia: Star of Mahaputera (3rd Class) (Indonesian: Bintang Mahaputera Utama) (2007) Civil Servants' Long Service Medal (Indonesian: Satyalancana Karya Satya) (30 years) Civil Servants' Long Service Medal (Indonesian: Satyalancana Karya Satya) (20 years) Civil Servants' Long Service Medal (Indonesian: Satyalancana Karya Satya) (10 years) Medal for Contributing in the National Development (Indonesian: Satyalancana Pembangunan) Medal for Providing an Example of Meritorious Personality (Indonesian: Satyalancana Wira Karya) Medal for Service in the Field of Social Welfare (Indonesian: Satyalancana Kebaktian Sosial) Badge of Melati Badge of Dharma Bhakti Badge of Pancawarsa IV Badge of Pancawarsa VII
Foreign honours
- Austria Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash of the Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria - 1996
- Japan: Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Star - 2022
- Netherlands: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Orange-Nassau
- Honorary Degree of Doctor of Laws, University of Tasmania, Australia (2015)
See also
Notes
External links
- 2 March 2006 at the Wayback Machine
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono XHouse of HamengkubuwonoCadet branch of the House of MataramBorn: 2 April 1946 | ||
| Preceded byPaku Alam VIII | Governor of Yogyakarta 1998–present | Incumbent |
| Regnal titles | ||
| Preceded byHamengkubuwono IX | Sultan of Yogyakarta 1989–present | Incumbent Heir presumptive: Mangkubumi |