IBMX
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IBMX (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine), like other methylxanthine derivatives, is both a:
- competitive non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor which raises intracellular cAMP, activates PKA, inhibits TNFα and leukotriene synthesis, and reduces inflammation and innate immunity, and
- nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist.
As a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, IBMX has IC50 = 2–50 μM and does not inhibit PDE8 or PDE9.