International Classification of Headache Disorders
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The International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) is a detailed hierarchical classification of all headache-related disorders published by the International Headache Society. It is considered the official classification of headaches by the World Health Organization, and, in 1992, was incorporated into the 10th edition of their International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Each class of headache contains explicit diagnostic criteria—meaning that the criteria include quantities rather than vague terms like several or usually—that are based on clinical and laboratory observations.
The ICHD was first published in 1988 (now known as the ICHD-1). A second version, the ICHD-2, was published in 2004. The most current version, ICHD-3, was published in 2018.
Hierarchy
Primary headaches
ICHD 1, ICD10 G43: Migraine
Migraine without aura
Migraine with aura
Childhood periodic syndromes that are commonly precursors of migraine
Complications of migraine
Probable migraine
ICHD 2, ICD10 G44.2: Tension-type headache (TTH)
Infrequent episodic tension-type headache
Frequent episodic tension-type headache
Chronic tension-type headache
Probable tension-type headache
ICHD 3, ICD10 G44.0: Cluster headache and other trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias
Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT)
Probable trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia
ICHD 4, ICD10 G44.80: Other primary headaches
Primary stabbing headache
Primary cough headache
Primary exertional headache
Primary headache associated with sexual activity
Primary thunderclap headache
New daily persistent headache (NDPH)
Secondary headaches
ICHD 5, ICD10 G44.88: Headache attributed to head and/or neck trauma
Acute post-traumatic headache Acute post-traumatic headache attributed to moderate or severe head injury Acute post-traumatic headache attributed to mild head injury
Chronic post-traumatic headache Chronic post-traumatic headache attributed to moderate or severe head injury Chronic post-traumatic headache attributed to mild head injury
Acute headache attributed to whiplash injury
Chronic headache attributed to whiplash injury
Headache attributed to traumatic intracranial haematoma Headache attributed to epidural haematoma Headache attributed to subdural haematoma
Headache attributed to other head and/or neck trauma Acute headache attributed to other head and/or neck trauma Chronic headache attributed to other head and/or neck trauma
Post-craniotomy headache Acute post-craniotomy headache Chronic post-craniotomy headache
ICHD 6, ICD10 G44.81: Headache attributed to cranial or cervical vascular disorder
Headache attributed to ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack Headache attributed to ischaemic stroke (cerebral infarction) Headache attributed to transient ischaemic attack (TIA)
Headache attributed to non-traumatic intracranial haemorrhage Headache attributed to intracerebral haemorrhage Headache attributed to subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH)
Headache attributed to unruptured vascular malformation Headache attributed to saccular aneurysm Headache attributed to arteriovenous malformation (AVM) Headache attributed to dural arteriovenous fistula Headache attributed to cavernous angioma Headache attributed to encephalotrigeminal or leptomeningeal angiomatosis (Sturge Weber syndrome)
Headache attributed to arteritis Headache attributed to giant cell arteritis (GCA) Headache attributed to primary central nervous system (CNS) angiitis Headache attributed to secondary central nervous system (CNS) angiitis
Carotid or vertebral artery pain Headache or facial or neck pain attributed to arterial dissection Post-endarterectomy headache Carotid angioplasty headache Headache attributed to intracranial endovascular procedures Angiography headache
Headache attributed to cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT)
Headache attributed to other intracranial vascular disorder CADASIL (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy) MELAS (eitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes) Headache attributed to benign angiopathy of the central nervous system Headache attributed to pituitary apoplexy
ICHD 7, ICD10 G44.82: Headache attributed to non-vascular intracranial disorder
Headache attributed to high cerebrospinal fluid pressure Headache attributed to idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) Headache attributed to intracranial hypertension secondary to metabolic, toxic or hormonal causes Headache attributed to intracranial hypertension secondary to hydrocephalus
Headache attributed to low cerebrospinal fluid pressure Post-dural puncture headache CSF fistula headache Headache attributed to spontaneous (or idiopathic) low CSF pressure
Headache attributed to non-infectious inflammatory disease Headache attributed to neurosarcoidosis Headache attributed to aseptic (non-infectious) meningitis Headache attributed to other non-infectious inflammatory disease Headache attributed to lymphocytic hypophysitis
Headache attributed to intracranial neoplasm Headache attributed to increased intracranial pressure or hydrocephalus caused by neoplasm Headache attributed directly to neoplasm Headache attributed to carcinomatous meningitis Headache attributed to hypothalamic or pituitary hyper- or hyposecretion
Headache attributed to intrathecal injection
Headache attributed to epileptic seizure Hemicrania epileptica Post-seizure headache
Headache attributed to Chiari malformation type I (CM1)
Syndrome of transient headache and neurological deficits with cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis (HaNDL)
Headache attributed to other non-vascular intracranial disorder
ICHD 8, ICD10 G44.4 or G44.83: Headache attributed to a substance or its withdrawal
Headache induced by acute substance use or exposure Nitric oxide (NO) donor-induced headache Immediate NO donor-induced headache Delayed NO donor-headache Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor-induced headache Carbon monoxide-induced headache Alcohol-induced headache. Immediate alcohol-induced headache Delayed alcohol-induced headache Headache induced by food components and additives Monosodium glutamate-induced headache Cocaine-induced headache Cannabis-induced headache Histamine-induced headache Immediate histamine-induced headache Delayed histamine-induced headache Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-induced headache Immediate CGRP-induced headache Delayed CGRP-induced headache Headache as an acute adverse event attributed to medication used for other indications Headache attributed to other acute substance use or exposure
Medication-overuse headache (MOH) Ergotamine-overuse headache Triptan-overuse headache Analgesic-overuse headache Opioid-overuse headache Combination analgesic-overuse headache Medication-overuse headache attributed to combination of acute medications Headache attributed to other medication overuse Probable medication-overuse headache
Headache as an adverse event attributed to chronic medication Exogenous hormone-induced headache
Headache attributed to substance withdrawal caffeine-withdrawal headache opioid-withdrawal headache Oestrogen-withdrawal headache Headache attributed to withdrawal from chronic use of other substances
ICHD 9, ICD10 G44.821 or G44.881: Headache attributed to infection
Headache attributed to intracranial infection Headache attributed to bacterial meningitis Headache attributed to lymphocytic meningitis Headache attributed to encephalitis Headache attributed to brain abscess Headache attributed to subdural empyema
Headache attributed to systemic infection Headache attributed to systemic bacterial infection Headache attributed to systemic viral infection Headache attributed to other systemic infection
Headache attributed to HIV/AIDS
Chronic post-infection headache Chronic post-bacterial meningitis headache
ICHD 10, ICD10 G44.882: Headache attributed to disorder of homeostasis
Headache attributed to hypoxia and/or hypercapnia High-altitude headache Diving headache Sleep apnoea headache
Dialysis headache
Headache attributed to arterial hypertension Headache attributed to phaeochromocytoma Headache attributed to hypertensive crisis without hypertensive encephalopathy Headache attributed to hypertensive encephalopathy Headache attributed to pre-eclampsia Headache attributed to eclampsia Headache attributed to acute pressor response to an exogenous agent
Headache attributed to hypothyroidism
Headache attributed to fasting
Cardiac cephalalgia
Headache attributed to other disorder of homoeostasis
ICHD 11, ICD10 G44.84: Headache or facial pain attributed to disorder of cranium, neck, eyes, ears, nose, sinuses, teeth, mouth or other facial or cranial structures
Headache attributed to disorder of cranial bone
Headache attributed to disorder of neck Cervicogenic headache Headache attributed to retropharyngeal tendonitis Headache attributed to craniocervical dystonia
Headache attributed to disorder of eyes Headache attributed to acute glaucoma Headache attributed to refractive errors Headache attributed to heterophoria or heterotropia (latent or manifest squint) Headache attributed to ocular inflammatory disorder
Headache attributed to disorder of ears
Headache attributed to rhinosinusitis
Headache attributed to disorder of teeth, jaws or related structures
Headache or facial pain attributed to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder
Headache attributed to other disorder of cranium, neck, eyes, ears, nose, sinuses,
teeth, mouth or other facial or cervical structures
ICHD 12, ICD10 R51: Headache attributed to psychiatric disorder
Headache attributed to somatization disorder
Headache attributed to psychotic disorder
Cranial neuralgias, central and primary facial pain and other headaches
ICHD 13, ICD10 G44.847, G44.848, or G44.85: Cranial neuralgias and central causes of facial pain
ICHD 13.1, ICD10 G44.847: Trigeminal neuralgia
Glossopharyngeal neuralgia
Nervus intermedius neuralgia
Superior laryngeal neuralgia
Nasociliary neuralgia
Supraorbital neuralgia
Other terminal branch neuralgias
Neck-tongue syndrome
External compression headache
Constant pain caused by compression, irritation or distortion of cranial nerves or upper cervical roots by structural lesions
Ocular diabetic neuropathy
Head or facial pain attributed to herpes zoster Head or facial pain attributed to acute herpes zoster Post-herpetic neuralgia
Opthalamoplegic migraine
Central causes of facial pain Anaesthesia dolorosa Central post-stroke pain Facial pain attributable to multiple sclerosis Persistent idiopathic facial pain (the IHS's preferred term for atypical facial pain) Burning mouth syndrome
Other cranial neuralgia or other centrally mediated facial pain
ICHD 14, ICD10 R51: Other headache, cranial neuralgia, central or primary facial pain
Headache not elsewhere classified
Headache unspecified