Stratigraphy and location of the Itaboraí Basin. Crocodile skull indicates Sahitisuchus find.

The Itaboraian (Portuguese: Itaboraiense) age is a period within the Early Eocene geologic time (53.0–50.0 Ma) epoch of the Paleogene, used more specifically with South American land mammal ages (SALMA). It follows the Riochican and precedes the Casamayoran age.

Etymology

This age is named after the Itaboraí Formation in the Itaboraí Basin in Itaboraí, a Greater Rio municipality in the state of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil not very far away from Niterói.

Formations

Itaboraian is located in South America
Locations of Itaboraian formations
Formation bold is typeCountryBasinNotes
Itaboraí FormationBrazilItaboraí Basin
Bogotá FormationColombiaAltiplano Cundiboyacense
Cerrejón FormationColombiaCesar-Ranchería Basin
Chota FormationPeruBagua Basin
Koluel Kaike FormationArgentinaGolfo San Jorge Basin
Las Flores FormationArgentinaGolfo San Jorge Basin
Maíz Gordo FormationArgentinaSalta Basin
Mogollón FormationPeruTalara & Tumbes Basins
Muñani FormationPeruAltiplano Basin

Fossils

GroupFossilsFormationNotes
MammalsAsmithwoodwardia scotti, Austropediomys marshalli, Bergqvistherium primigenia, Bobbschaefferia fluminensis, Camargomendesia pristina, Carodnia vieirai, Carolocoutoia ferigoloi, Carolopaulacoutoia itaboraiensis, Colbertia magellanica, Derorhynchus singularis, Didelphopsis cabrerai, Eobrasilia coutoi, Epidolops ameghinoi, Gashternia carioca, Gaylordia macrocynodonta, Gaylordia mater, Guggenheimia brasiliensis, Guggenheimia crocheti, Homalostylops atavus, Itaboraidelphys camposi, Lamegoia conodonta, Marmosopsis juradoi, Miguelsoria parayirunhor, Minusculodelphis minimus, M. modicum, Mirandatherium alipioi, Monodelphopsis travassosi, Palaeocladosictis mosesi, Paranisolambda prodromus, Patene simpsoni, Periprotodidelphis bergqvistae, Procaroloameghinia pricei, Protodidelphis mastodontoides, P. vanzolinii, Protolipterna ellipsodontoides, Ricardocifellia protocenica, Riolestes capricornicus, Riostegotherium yanei, Tetragonostylops apthomasi, Victorlemoinea prototypica, Xenodelphis doelloi, Zeusdelphys complicatus, ?Arminiheringia sp., Henricosbornia sp., Australidelphia indet., Borhyaenidae indet., Didelphidae indet., Didolodontidae indet., Herpetotheriidae indet., Microbiotheriidae indet., Notoungulata indet., Paucituberculata indet., Pediomyidae indet., Peradectidae indet., Polydolopidae indet., Protodidelphidae indet.Itaboraí
Ernestokokenia yirunhor, Gashternia ctalehor, Henricosbornia waitehor, Seudenius cteronc, Shecenia ctirneru, ?Isotemnus ctalego, ?Peripantostylops orehor, ?Polydolops kamektsen, Kibenikhoria sp., Archaeopithecidae indet., Borhyaenidae indet., ?Litopterna indet., ?Notostylopidae indet.Koluel Kaike
Anisolambda sp., Antepithecus sp., Asmithwoodwardia sp., Bardalestes sp., Bobbschaefferia sp., Camargomendesia sp., Carolopaulacoutoia sp., Colbertia sp., Derorhynchus sp., Didelphopsis sp., Epidolops sp., Ernestokokenia sp., Gashternia sp., Guggenheimia crocheti, Henricosbornia sp., Isotemnus sp., Itaboraitherium sp., Kibenikhoria sp., Marmosopsis sp., Mirandatherium sp., Monodelphopsis sp., Peripantostylops sp., Polydolops sp., Procaroloameghinia pricei, Protodidelphis sp., Shecenia sp., Trigonostylops sp., Victorlemoinea sp., Woodburnodon sp., Ceratodontidae indet., ?Patene indet.Las Flores
Carodnia inexpectansMogollón
Chulpasia mattaueri, Peradectes austrinum, Perutherium altiplanense, Sillustania quechuense, Umayodus raimondi, Didelphidae indet., ?Didolodontidae indet., Notoungulata sp., Pediomyidae indet., Proteutheria indet.Muñani
BirdsDiogenornis fragilis, Eutreptodactylus itaboraiensis, Itaboravis elaphrocnemoides, Paleopsilopterus itaboraiensisItaboraí
Latidae indet., Siluriformes indet., Tetragonopterinae indet.Muñani
Reptiles & amphibiansAcherontisuchus guajiraensis, Anthracosuchus balrogus, Carbonemys cofrinii, Cerrejonemys wayuunaiki, Cerrejonisuchus improcerus, Pelomedusoides sp., Puentemys mushaisaensis, Titanoboa cerrejonensisCerrejón
?Madtsoia sp.Koluel Kaike
Notocaiman stromeriPeñas Coloradas
Bretesuchus bonaparteiMaíz Gordo
Apodops pricei, Coniophis cf. precedens, Corallus priscus, Hechtophis austrinus, Hoffstetterella brasiliensis, Itaboraiophis depressus, Madtsoia camposi, Paraungaliophis pricei, Paulacoutophis perplexus, Sahitisuchus fluminensis, Waincophis cameratus, Waincophis pressulus, Xenopus romeri, ? Russellophiidae indet.Itaboraí
Lorosuchus nodosus, Pelomedusoides cf. argentinensisRío Loro
cf. Coniophis sp., ?Roxochelys vilavilensis, Crocodylia indet., ?Leptodactylidae indet.Muñani
FishesDipnoi sp., Elopomorpha sp.Cerrejón
Lepidosiren cf. paradoxa, Ceratodus sp.Muñani
MolluscsBulimulus fazendicusItaboraí
FloraMenispina evidensBogotá
Stephania palaeosudamericanaBogotá, Cerrejón
Malvaciphyllum macondicus, Petrocardium cerrejonense, Petrocardium wayuuorumCerrejón

Correlations

Itaboraian correlations in South America
FormationItaboraíLas FloresKoluel KaikeMaíz GordoMuñaniMogollónBogotáCerrejónYpresian (IUCS) • Wasatchian (NALMA) Bumbanian (ALMA) • Mangaorapan (NZ)
BasinItaboraíGolfo San JorgeSaltaAltiplano BasinTalara & TumbesAltiplano CundiboyacenseCesar-RancheríaItaboraí FormationBogotá FormationCerrejón FormationKoluel Kaike FormationMaíz Gordo FormationMuñani FormationMogollón FormationLas Flores Formation, Austral BasinItaboraian (South America)
CountryBrazilArgentinaPeruColombia
Carodnia
Gashternia
Henricosbornia
Victorlemoinea
Polydolopimorphia
Birds
Reptiles
Fish
Flora
EnvironmentsAlluvial-lacustrineAlluvial-fluvialFluvio-lacustrineLacustrineFluvialFluvio-deltaicItaboraian volcanoclastics Itaboraian fauna Itaboraian flora
VolcanicYes

Bibliography

Itaboraí Formation

  • Carneiro, Leonardo M.; Oliveira, Édison V.; Goin, Francisco J. (2018), (PDF), Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 21 (2): 120–131, doi:
  • Carneiro, Leonardo M. (2018), (PDF), Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 91 (Suppl. 2) e20180440, doi:, archived from (PDF) on 2019-02-12
  • Oliveira, Édison Vicente; Zimicz, Natalia; Goin, Francisco J. (2016), , The Science of Nature, 103 (1–2): 1–6, Bibcode:, doi:, PMID
  • De Oliveira, Édison Vicente; Goin, Francisco J. (2015), , Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 18 (1): 97–108, doi:, hdl:, archived from on 2019-02-14
  • Oliveira, Édison V.; Goin, Francisco J. (2011), (PDF), Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 14 (2): 105–136, doi:
  • Salvador, R.B.; Simone, L.R.L. (2013), (PDF), Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 53 (2): 5–46

Bogotá Formation

  • Bloch, Jonathan Ivan; Cadena, Edwin; Hastings, Alexander; Rincón, Aldo F.; Jaramillo, Carlos (2008), , Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 68th Annual Meeting: _
  • Guerrero Uscátegui, Alberto Lobo (1992), Geología e Hidrogeología de Santafé de Bogotá y su Sabana, Sociedad Colombiana de Ingenieros, pp. 1–20
  • Montoya Arenas, Diana María; Reyes Torres, Germán Alfonso (2005), Geología de la Sabana de Bogotá, INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–104

Cerrejón Formation

  • Ayala Calvo, Rosa Carolina (2009), (PDF), Universidad Simón Bolívar, pp. 1–255, archived from (PDF) on 2021-12-06
  • Cadena, Edwin A.; Schweitzer, Mary H. (2014), , Journal of Herpetology, 48 (4): 461–465, doi:
  • Cadena, Edwin A.; Ksepka, Daniel T.; Jaramillo, Carlos A.; Bloch, Jonathan I. (2012a), (PDF), Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 10 (2): 313–331, Bibcode:, doi:
  • Cadena, Edwin A.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Jaramillo, Carlos A. (2012b), , Journal of Paleontology, 86 (4): 688–698, Bibcode:, doi:
  • Cadena, Edwin A.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Jaramillo, Carlos A. (2010), , Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 30 (2): 367–382, Bibcode:, doi:
  • Hastings, Alexander K.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Jaramillo, Carlos A. (2014), (PDF), Historical Biology, 27 (8): 998–1020, Bibcode:, doi:
  • Hastings, Alexander K.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Jaramillo, Carlos A. (2011), (PDF), Palaeontology, 54: 1095–1116, doi:
  • Head, J.J.; Bloch, J.I.; Hastings, A.K.; Bourque, J.R.; Cadena, E.A.; Herrera, F.A.; Polly, P.D.; Jaramillo, C.A. (2009), , Nature, 457 (7230): 715–718, Bibcode:, doi:, PMID
  • Herrera, Fabiany A.; Jaramillo, Carlos A.; Dilcher, David L.; Wing, Scott L.; Gómez N, Carolina (2008), , American Journal of Botany, 95 (12): 1569–1583, doi:, PMID[permanent dead link]
  • Hernández, Marina (2003), Geología de la Plancha 48 La Jagua de Ibírico - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–102
  • Jaramillo, Carlos A.; Bayona, Germán; Pardo Trujillo, Andres; Rueda, Milton; Torres, Vladimir; Harrington, Guy J.; Mora, Germán (2007), (PDF), Palynology, 31 (1): 153–189, Bibcode:, doi:
  • Ojeda Marulanda, Carolina; Sánchez Quiñónez, Carlos Alberto (2013), (PDF), Boletín de Geología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, 35: 67–80
  • Wing, Scott L.; Herrera, Fabiany; Jaramillo, Carlos A.; Gómez Navarro, Carolina; Wilf, Peter; Labandeira, Conrad C. (2009), "Late Paleocene fossils from the Cerrejón Formation, Columbia ((sic)), are the earliest record of Neotropical rainforest", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106 (44): 18627–18632, Bibcode:, doi:, PMC , PMID

Chota Formation

  • Castro Medina, Walter Fidel (2010), (PDF), Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), pp. 1–76
  • Chacaltana, César; Benites Cañote, Alexandra Lucytania; Valdivia, Waldir; Chumpitaz, Marco (2014), , Congreso Peruano de Geología, pp. 1–4

Las Flores Formation

Koluel Kaike Formation

Maíz Gordo Formation

Mogollón Formation

Muñani Formation

Peñas Coloradas Formation

  • Clyde, William C.; Wilf, Peter; Iglesias, Ari; Slingerland, Rudy L.; Bijl, Peter K.; Bralower, Timothy J.; Brinkhuis, Henk; Comer, Emily; Huber, Mauricio Ibañez Mejia, Brian R. Jicha, J. Marcelo Krause, Jonathan D. Schueth, Bradley S. Singer, María Sol Raigemborn, Mark D. Schmitz, Appy Sluijs, and María del Carmen Zamaloa, Brian T. (2014), (PDF), GSA Bulletin, 126 (3–4): 289–306, Bibcode:, doi:, archived from (PDF) on 2018-08-10{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Raigemborn, María Sol; Krause, Javier M.; Bellosi, Eduardo; Matheos, Sergio D. (2010), (PDF), Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 67: 239–256

Río Loro Formation