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Kaʼapor language

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Kaapor (Kaʼapor, Kaaporté), also known as "Urubú," "Caapor" or Urubú-Kaapor, is a Tupi–Guarani language spoken as a primary language by the Kaʼapor people of Brazil. The language is also spoken as a second language by non-Ka'apor ethnic groups, including Tembé.

There is a high incidence of congenital deafness among the Kaʼapor people, most of whom grow up bilingual in Urubu-Kaapor Sign Language, which may be indigenous to them.

Phonology

Consonants

	Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
plain	lab.
Stop	p	t		k	kʷ	ʔ
Fricative		s	ʃ			h
Nasal	m	n		ŋ	ŋʷ
Rhotic		ɾ
Approximant	w		j

Sounds /s, ʃ, m, n/ may also be heard as [ts, tʃ, ᵐb, ⁿd] in word-initial positions.
/j/ may also be heard as [ʒ] or [dʒ] freely, in word-initial positions.
/ɾ/ may also be heard as a trill [r] in word-final positions.

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i ĩ	ɨ	u ũ
Mid	e ẽ		o õ
Open		a ã

Sounds /e, o/ may also be heard as more open [ɛ, ɔ] in stressed syllables.

Lopes, Mario Alexandre Garcia (2009). Aspectos Gramaticais da Língua KA'APOR [Grammatical Aspects of the KA'APOR Language] (PhD thesis) (in Portuguese). Federal University of Minas Gerais. hdl:.