Kamehameha I established the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1795 after conquering most of the Hawaiian Islands. In 1810, Kaumualiʻi became a vassal of Kamehameha I, who therefore emerged as the sole sovereign of the island chain of Hawaiʻi. His dynasty lasted until 1872, and his Kingdom lasted until 1893, when Queen Liliʻuokalani, of the Kalākaua dynasty, was deposed by pro-United States businessmen who led the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom. The monarchy was officially ended on January 24, 1895, when Liliʻuokalani formally abdicated in response to an attempt to restore the royal government. On November 23, 1993, the Congress passed Public Law 103-150, also known as the Apology Resolution, acknowledging the American role in the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy. President Bill Clinton signed the joint resolution the same day.

Hawaiian Monarchs (1795–1893)

NamePortraitBirthMarriage(s)Death
Kamehameha I Spring, 1795– May 8, 1819c.1758 Moʻokini Heiau, Kohala, Hawaiʻi island son of Keōua and KekuʻiapoiwavariousMay 8, 1819 Kamakahonu, Kailua-Kona, Kona, Hawaiʻi island aged 61?
Kamehameha II May 20, 1819– July 14, 1824November 1797 Hilo, Hawaiʻi island son of Kamehameha I and Keōpūolani(1) Kamāmalu (2) Kīnaʻu (3) Kekāuluohi (4) Kalanipauahi (5) Kekauʻōnohi (6) KekaihaʻakūlouJuly 14, 1824 Caledonian Hotel, London, England aged 27
Kamehameha III June 6, 1825– December 15, 1854August 11, 1813 Keauhou Bay, North Kona, Hawaiʻi island son of Kamehameha I and KeōpūolaniKalama Honolulu, Oʻahu 14 February 1837 two sonsDecember 15, 1854 Honolulu, Oʻahu aged 41
Kamehameha IV January 11, 1855– November 30, 1863February 9, 1834 Honolulu, Oʻahu biological son of Kekūanaōʻa and Kīnaʻu and hānai son of Kamehameha III and KalamaEmma Rooke Kawaiahaʻo Church, Honolulu, Oʻahu 19 June 1856 one sonNovember 30, 1863 Honolulu, Oʻahu aged 29
Kamehameha V November 30, 1863– December 11, 1872December 11, 1830 Honolulu, Oʻahu biological son of Kekūanaōʻa and Kīnaʻu and hānai son of Nāhiʻenaʻena (later) Hoapili and KaheiheimālieNever marriedDecember 11, 1872 ʻIolani Palace, Honolulu, Oʻahu aged 42
Lunalilo January 8, 1873– February 3, 1874January 31, 1835 Pohukaina, Honolulu, Oʻahu son of Kanaʻina and KekāuluohiNever marriedFebruary 3, 1874 Haimoeipo, Honolulu, Oʻahu aged 39
Kalākaua February 12, 1874– January 20, 1891November 16, 1836 Honolulu, Oʻahu biological son of Kapaʻakea and Keohokālole and hānai son of Kinimaka and Haʻaheo KaniuKapiʻolani Honolulu, Oʻahu December 19, 1863January 20, 1891 Palace Hotel, San Francisco, California, United States aged 54
Liliʻuokalani January 29, 1891– January 17, 1893September 2, 1838 Honolulu, Oʻahu biological daughter of Kapaʻakea and Keohokālole and hānai daughter of Pākī and KōniaJohn Owen Dominis ʻAikupika, Haleakala Estate, Honolulu, Oʻahu September 16, 1862November 11, 1917 Washington Place, Honolulu, Oʻahu aged 79

Disputed Monarchs (1893-1895)

Liliʻuokalani was disputed as queen of Hawaii from 1893 to 1895 after she was overthrown in 1893 but continued to claim the throne while the Provisional Government led by Sanford B. Dole ruled for her. Her claim ended in 1895 after a failed attempt to restore the monarchy, after she was arrested and was forced to formally abdicate.

NamePortraitBirthMarriage(s)Death
Liliʻuokalani January 17, 1893 – January 24, 1895September 2, 1838 Honolulu, Oʻahu biological daughter of Kapaʻakea and Keohokālole and hānai daughter of Pākī and KōniaJohn Owen Dominis ʻAikupika, Haleakala Estate, Honolulu, Oʻahu September 16, 1862November 11, 1917 Washington Place, Honolulu, Oʻahu aged 79

Styles

PeriodStyleUsed by
1795–1852Hawaiian:Aliʻi Nui English:High Chief Meaning: Originally meaning "Great Chief" of a single island (not the same as a European king)Kamehameha I Kamehameha II Kamehameha III
1852–1887Hawaiian:Aliʻi o ko Hawaiʻi Pae ʻĀina English:Monarch of the Hawaiian IslandsKamehameha III Kamehameha IV Kamehameha V Lunalilo Kalākaua
1863–1887Hawaiian:Ma ka Lokomaikaʻi o ke Akua, Ke Aliʻi o ko Hawaiʻi Pae ʻAina English:By the grace of God, the Monarch of the Hawaiian IslandKamehameha IV Kamehameha V Lunalilo Kalākaua Liliʻuokalani
1887–1891Hawaiian:Ma ka Lokomaikaʻi o ke Akua, Mōʻī o ko Hawaiʻi Pae ʻĀina English:By the grace of God, King of the Hawaiian IslandsKalākaua
1891–1893 1893-1895 (Disputed)Hawaiian:Ma ka Lokomaikaʻi o ke Akua, Mōʻī Wahine o ko Hawaiʻi Pae ʻĀina English:By the grace of God, Queen of the Hawaiian IslandsLiliʻuokalani

Timeline

See also

Bibliography

External links