USS Sterett launching a TLAM.

A land-attack missile (LAM) is a naval surface-to-surface missile that is capable of effectively attacking targets ashore, unlike specialized anti-ship missiles, which are optimized for striking other ships. Some dual-role missiles are suitable for both missions.

A Russian Navy-launched 3M14 Kalibr land-attack missile striking a government building in Kharkiv.

Like long-range anti-ship missiles, land-attack missiles are usually turbojet or turbofan powered cruise missiles. To prevent early detection and counter-measures, they usually fly near the ground at very low altitude, employing terrain-following techniques, either with terrain-following radar or with precise navigation system, like GPS, combined with a stored map of obstacles and ground elevation data (TERCOM).

Land-attack missiles are usually programmed before launch to follow a set of way-points up to the target. Terminal guidance can be done with active radar homing, passive radar or electronic warfare support measures, infrared homing or optical guidance, or the (fixed) target was predesignated with as final way-point.

Some missiles allow mid-course updates after launch and some may even send information back to the launch platform or other units.

List of missiles

Specific types of LAMs (current, past and under development)
NameOriginMaximum Range
3M-51 AlfaRussia Russia250 kilometres (160mi)
3M-54 KalibrRussia Russia4,500 kilometres (2,800mi)
3M22 ZirconRussia Russia1,000 kilometres (620mi)
BGM-109 TomahawkUnited States United States1,666 kilometres (1,035mi)
BrahMosIndia India / Russia Russia900 kilometres (560mi) (Surface-launched version)
BrahMos-IIIndia India / Russia Russia1,500 kilometres (930mi)
CJ-10China China1,500 kilometres (930mi)
CJ-100China China2,000–3,000 kilometres (1,200–1,900mi)
Gabriel VIsrael Israel200 km to 400 km (124 mi – 248 mi)
HarbahPakistan Pakistan700 kilometres (430mi)
Harpoon Block 1JUnited States United States280 kilometres (~174 mi)
Hermes (missile)Russia Russia100 kilometres (62mi)
HongniaoChina China3,000 kilometres (1,900mi)
Hsiung Feng IIETaiwan Taiwan>1,200 kilometres (750mi)
Hsiung Feng IIITaiwan Taiwan1,500 kilometres (930mi)
Hwasal-2North Korea North Korea1,500–2,000 km (930–1,240 mi)
Hypersonic Air-breathing Weapon ConceptUnited States United States>560 kilometres (350mi)
Hyunmoo-3South Korea South Korea1,500 kilometres (930mi) (Hyunmoo-3C)
Joint Strike MissileNorway Norway / United States United States555 kilometres (345mi)
Kh-59Russia Russia550 kilometres (340mi)
Otomat Mk/2EItaly Italy360 kilometres (220mi)
MASBrazil Brazil / United Arab Emirates United Arab EmiratesTBA (under development)
MdCNFrance France1,400 kilometres (870mi)
NirbhayIndia India1,500 kilometres (930mi)
P-800 OniksRussia Russia800 kilometres (500mi)
RBS15Sweden Sweden>300 kilometres (190mi)
RK-55 / S-10Russia Russia3,000 kilometres (1,900mi)
Sea BreakerIsrael Israel300 kilometres (190 mi)
Wan ChienTaiwan Taiwan300 kilometres (190mi)
YJ-12China China546 kilometres (339mi)
YJ-18China China540 kilometres (340mi)
YJ-62China China400 kilometres (250mi)
Yun FengTaiwan Taiwan2,000 kilometres (1,200mi)