Log area ratio
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Log area ratios (LAR) can be used to represent reflection coefficients (another form for linear prediction coefficients) for transmission over a channel. While not as efficient as line spectral pairs (LSPs), log area ratios are much simpler to compute. Let r k {\displaystyle r_{k}} be the kth reflection coefficient of a filter, the kth LAR is:
A k = log 1 − r k 1 + r k {\displaystyle A_{k}=\log {1-r_{k} \over 1+r_{k}}}
Use of Log Area Ratios have now been mostly replaced by Line Spectral Pairs, but older codecs, such as GSM-FR use LARs.