Minyanka language
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Minyanka (also known as Mamara, Miniyanka, Minya, Mianka, Minianka, or Tupiire) is a northern Senufo language spoken by about 750,000 people in southeastern Mali. It is closely related to Supyire. Minyanka is one of the national languages of Mali.
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labio- velar | Pharyn- geal | Glottal | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | lab. | pal. | plain | pal. | |||||||
| Nasal | m | mʷ | mʲ | n | ɲ | ŋ | ŋ͡m | ||||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | pʷ | pʲ | t | c | k | kʲ | k͡p | ʔ | |
| voiced | b | bʷ | d | ɟ | ɡ | ɡʲ | ɡ͡b | ||||
| prenasal | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᶮɟ | ᵑɡ | |||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | fʷ | fʲ | s | ʃ | (h) | ||||
| voiced | v | z | ʒ | (ʕ) | (ɦ) | ||||||
| Rhotic | r | ||||||||||
| Approximant | l | j | w | wʲ |
- A pharyngeal fricative [ʕ] is also typically heard when in between vowels, or as an allophone of /ɡ/ when in intervocalic position.
- Glottal sounds [h, ɦ] are only heard in the Bla dialect, instead of labio-velar sounds /k͡p, ɡ͡b, ŋ͡m/.
- Sounds /k, ɡ/ can also be heard as fricatives [x, ɣ] when in intervocalic positions.
Vowels
- /u/ can also be heard as [y] when in the position of /j/.
- /o/ can also be heard as [œ] when before a glottal /ʔ/.
See also
Further reading
- Dombrowsky-Hahn, Klaudia (ed. by Miehe, Gudrun; Reineke, Brigitte; Roncador, Manfred von) (1999) Phénomènes de contact entre les langues Minyanka et Bambara (Sud du Mali). Köln: Rüdiger Köppe.
- Prost, André (1964) Contributrion à l'étude des langues Voltaiques. Dakar: Institut Francophone de l'Afrique Noire.
External links
- to view online or download, from the Association for the Promotion of the Mamara language, Koutiala, Mali.
- from