Manobo languages
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The Manobo languages are a group of languages spoken in the Philippines. Their speakers are primarily located around Northern Mindanao, Central Mindanao (presently called Soccsksargen) and Caraga regions where they are natively spoken. Some outlying groups make Manobo geographically discontiguous as other speakers can be located as far as the southern peninsula of Davao Oriental, most of Davao Occidental and coastal areas of Sultan Kudarat. The Kagayanen speakers are the most extremely remote and can be found in certain portions of Palawan.
Languages
- Central East: Dibabawon, Rajah Kabunsuwan, Agusan South: Ata, Matigsalug (Tigwa); Obo West: Western Bukidnon, Ilianen
- North: Binukid, Kagayanen, Higaonon, Kinamigin
- South: Tagabawa, Sarangani, Cotabato
Classification
Elkins (1974:637) classifies the Manobo languages as follows.
- Manobo Northern Cagayano (of Cagayancillo Island) Kinamigin (of Camiguin Island), Binukid (of central Mindanao) Southern Tagabawa Sarangani Manobo Tasaday, Cotabato Manobo East-West-Central Western Obo Ilianen Manobo Western Bukidnon Manobo, Livunganen (a dialect spoken in Libungan, north of Midsayap, Cotabato) East-Central Eastern Agusan Manobo Dibabawon Manobo Central Ata of Davao Matig Salug, Tigwa Manobo
Reconstruction
Elkins (1974) includes a reconstruction of Proto-Manobo, along with 197 reconstructed etyma.
The Proto-Manobo phonemes are (Elkins 1974:616):
Consonants
| *p | *t | *k | *ʔ |
| *b | *d | *g | |
| *m | *n | *ŋ | |
| *l | |||
| *r | |||
| *s | *h | ||
| *w | *y |
Vowels
| *i | *u |
| *e | |
| *a |
See also
- Elkins, Richard E. (1974). "A Proto-Manobo Word List". Oceanic Linguistics. 13 (1/2): 601–641. doi:.