Maryannu
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The Maryannu were a caste of chariot-mounted hereditary warrior nobility that existed in many of the societies of the Ancient Near East during the Bronze Age, in particular between 1700 and 1200 BC. Maryannu is a Hurrianized Indo-Aryan word, formed by adding the Hurrian suffix -nni to the Indo-Aryan root márya, meaning "(young) man" or a "young warrior". Philologist Martin West suggested that the name Meriones, a character in Homeric epic, is "identical" to maryannu. Thus, Mērionēs would be the Homeric Greek version of the term, reflected in pre-Mycenaean poetic verse as Mārionās.
The term is attested in the Amarna letters written by Haapi. The majority of the Maryannu had Semitic and Hurrian names.
See also
- Late Bronze Age collapse: Warfare
- Indo-Aryan superstrate in Mitanni
Further reading
- Abbas, Mohamed Raafat (2013). "The Maryannu in the Western Desert during the Ramesside Period". Abgadiyat. 8 (1): 128–133. doi:.
- Albright, W. F. (1930). "Mitannian maryannu, " chariot-warrior ", and the Canaanite and Egyptian Equivalents". Archiv für Orientforschung. 6: 217–221. JSTOR.
- O'Callaghan, R. T. (1951). "New Light on the Maryannu as 'Chariot Warrior'". Jahrbuch für kleinasiatische Forschung. pp.309–324. OCLC.
- REVIV, H. (1972). "Some Comments on the Maryannu". Israel Exploration Journal. 22 (4): 218–228. JSTOR.