Mathematical Operators is a Unicode block containing characters for mathematical, logical, and set notation.

Notably absent are the plus sign (+ {\displaystyle +}), greater than sign (> {\displaystyle >}) and less than sign (< {\displaystyle <}), due to them already appearing in the Basic Latin Unicode block, and the plus-or-minus sign (± {\displaystyle \pm }), multiplication sign (× {\displaystyle \times }) and obelus (÷ {\displaystyle \div }), due to them already appearing in the Latin-1 Supplement block, although a distinct minus sign (− {\displaystyle -}) is included, semantically different from the Basic Latin hyphen-minus (-).

Block

Mathematical Operators[1] (PDF)
0123456789ABCDEF
U+220x∀∁∂∃∄∅∆∇∈∉∊∋∌∍∎∏
U+221x∐∑−∓∔∕∖∗∘∙√∛∜∝∞∟
U+222x∠∡∢∣∤∥∦∧∨∩∪∫∬∭∮∯
U+223x∰∱∲∳∴∵∶∷∸∹∺∻∼∽∾∿
U+224x≀≁≂≃≄≅≆≇≈≉≊≋≌≍≎≏
U+225x≐≑≒≓≔≕≖≗≘≙≚≛≜≝≞≟
U+226x≠≡≢≣≤≥≦≧≨≩≪≫≬≭≮≯
U+227x≰≱≲≳≴≵≶≷≸≹≺≻≼≽≾≿
U+228x⊀⊁⊂⊃⊄⊅⊆⊇⊈⊉⊊⊋⊌⊍⊎⊏
U+229x⊐⊑⊒⊓⊔⊕⊖⊗⊘⊙⊚⊛⊜⊝⊞⊟
U+22Ax⊠⊡⊢⊣⊤⊥⊦⊧⊨⊩⊪⊫⊬⊭⊮⊯
U+22Bx⊰⊱⊲⊳⊴⊵⊶⊷⊸⊹⊺⊻⊼⊽⊾⊿
U+22Cx⋀⋁⋂⋃⋄⋅⋆⋇⋈⋉⋊⋋⋌⋍⋎⋏
U+22Dx⋐⋑⋒⋓⋔⋕⋖⋗⋘⋙⋚⋛⋜⋝⋞⋟
U+22Ex⋠⋡⋢⋣⋤⋥⋦⋧⋨⋩⋪⋫⋬⋭⋮⋯
U+22Fx⋰⋱⋲⋳⋴⋵⋶⋷⋸⋹⋺⋻⋼⋽⋾⋿
Notes 1.^ As of Unicode version 17.0

Variation sequences

The Mathematical Operators block has sixteen variation sequences defined for standardized variants. They use U+FE00 VARIATION SELECTOR-1 (VS01) to denote variant symbols (depending on the font):

Variation sequences
Base characterBase+VS01Description
U+2205 EMPTY SET∅∅︀zero with long diagonal stroke overlay form
U+2229 INTERSECTION∩∩︀with serifs
U+222A UNION∪∪︀with serifs
U+2268 LESS-THAN BUT NOT EQUAL TO≨≨︀with vertical stroke
U+2269 GREATER-THAN BUT NOT EQUAL TO≩≩︀with vertical stroke
U+2272 LESS-THAN OR EQUIVALENT TO≲≲︀following the slant of the lower leg
U+2273 GREATER-THAN OR EQUIVALENT TO≳≳︀following the slant of the lower leg
U+228A SUBSET OF WITH NOT EQUAL TO⊊⊊︀with stroke through bottom members
U+228B SUPERSET OF WITH NOT EQUAL TO⊋⊋︀with stroke through bottom members
U+2293 SQUARE CAP⊓⊓︀with serifs
U+2294 SQUARE CUP⊔⊔︀with serifs
U+2295 CIRCLED PLUS⊕⊕︀with white rim
U+2297 CIRCLED TIMES⊗⊗︀with white rim
U+229C CIRCLED EQUALS⊜⊜︀with equal sign touching the circle
U+22DA LESS-THAN EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN⋚⋚︀with slanted equal
U+22DB GREATER-THAN EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN⋛⋛︀with slanted equal

History

The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Mathematical Operators block:

VersionFinal code pointsCountUTC IDL2 IDWG2 IDDocument
1.0.0U+2200..22F1242(to be determined)
Karlsson, Kent (1999-05-27), Tildes and micro sign decompositions
Moore, Lisa (1999-11-04), "Not Tilde", Minutes from the joint UTC/L2 meeting in Seattle, June 8-10, 1999
Moore, Lisa (2000-08-08), "Motion 83-M21", Minutes Of UTC Meeting #83
Suignard, Michel (2001-09-10), "T.9 B.1 List of combining characters/Variation selectors", Comments accompanying the US positive vote on the FPDAM 1 to ISO/IEC 10646-1:2001
, )Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2007-07-26), "M50.7 (Math symbol glyph correction) [U+22C4]", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 50, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany; 2007-04-24/27
Beeton, Barbara; Freytag, Asmus; Iancu, Laurențiu; Sargent, Murray (2015-10-30), Proposal to Represent the Slashed Zero Variant of Empty Set
Moore, Lisa (2015-11-16), "B.12.1.2 Proposal to Represent the Slashed Zero Variant of Empty Set", UTC #145 Minutes
Pentzlin, Karl (2024-06-06), Proposal to encode a Middle Asterisk as referred to in the German standard DIN 2137 [Affects U+2217]
Anderson, Deborah; Goregaokar, Manish; Kučera, Jan; Whistler, Ken; Pournader, Roozbeh; Constable, Peter (2024-07-18), "20. Middle Asterisk [Affects U+2217]", Recommendations to UTC #180 July 2024 on Script Proposals
Constable, Peter (2024-07-29), "Section 20. Middle Asterisk", UTC #180 Minutes, Consider adding an annotation to U+2217 that it may be used to represent the telephony asterisk
3.2U+22F2..22FF14Whistler, Ken; Freytag, Asmus (2000-04-19), Encoding Additional Mathematical Symbols in Unicode
, )Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2000-07-21), "8.18", Minutes from the SC2/WG2 meeting in Beijing, 2000-03-21 -- 24
Moore, Lisa (2000-08-08), "Motion 83-M11", Minutes Of UTC Meeting #83

See also