Parhedylidae are a taxonomic family of sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Parhedyloidea.

2005 taxonomy

Microhedylidae has been listed as a synonym of Parhedylidae in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005). Ganitidae Rankin, 1979 has been listed as a sole family within Hedylopsoidea. The type genus of Livorniellidae was Livorniella Rankin, 1979.

2010 taxonomy

Sensu Schrödl & Neusser (2010) is Microhedylidae within the clade Microhedylacea. Parhedylidae is a synonym of Microhedylidae. Microhedylidae s.l. may informally include Ganitidae, but inclusion of Ganitidae within Microhedylidae requires further research and higher statistical support.

Genera

Genera within the Parhedylidae include:

  • Ganitus Marcus, 1953 - with the only species Ganitus evelinae Marcus, 1953 - it belongs to Microhedylidae s.l. / Ganitidae
  • Microhedyle Hertling, 1930 Microhedyle glandulifera (Kowalevsky, 1901) Microhedyle nahantensis (Doe, 1974) Microhedyle odhneri (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1955)
  • Microhedyle remanei (Er. Marcus, 1953)
  • Paraganitus Challis, 1968 - with the only species Paraganitus ellynnae Challis, 1968 - it belongs to Microhedylidae s.l. / Ganitidae
  • Paraganitus Challis, 1968
  • Parhedyle Thiele, 1931 Parhedyle cryptophthalma (Westheide & Wawra, 1974) Parhedyle tyrtowii (Kowalevsky, 1900) Parhedyle gerlachi (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1959)
  • Pontohedyle Golikov & Starobogatov, 1972

Genera brought into synonymy

  • Gastrohedyle Rankin, 1979: synonym of Pontohedyle Golikov & Starobogatov, 1972
  • Livorniella Rankin, 1979: synonym of Microhedyle Hertling, 1930
  • Mancohedyle Rankin, 1979: synonym of Pontohedyle Golikov & Starobogatov, 1972 (junior objective synontm of Pontohedyle)
  • Maraunibina Rankin, 1979: synonym of Pontohedyle Golikov & Starobogatov, 1972
  • Parahedyle [sic]: synonym of Parhedyle Thiele, 1931 (misspelling)
  • Sabulincola Rankin, 1979: synonym of Parhedyle Thiele, 1931
  • Stellaspina Rankin, 1979: synonym of Microhedyle Hertling, 1930
  • Unela Er. Marcus, 1953: synonym of Microhedyle Hertling, 1930

Cladogram

A cladogram based on sequences of mitochondrial 28S ribosomal RNA, 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome-c oxidase I (COI) genes showing phylogenic relations within the family Microhedylidae:

MicrohedylidaeMicrohedyle sp. from St. Vincent Ganitus evelinae Paraganitus ellynnae Microhedyle glandulifera Parhedyle tyrtowii Parhedyle cryptophthalma Pontohedyle
Microhedyle sp. from St. Vincent Ganitus evelinae Paraganitus ellynnae Microhedyle glandulifera Parhedyle tyrtowii Parhedyle cryptophthalma
Microhedyle sp. from St. Vincent
Ganitus evelinae Paraganitus ellynnae Microhedyle glandulifera Parhedyle tyrtowii Parhedyle cryptophthalma
Ganitus evelinae Paraganitus ellynnae
Ganitus evelinae
Paraganitus ellynnae
Microhedyle glandulifera Parhedyle tyrtowii Parhedyle cryptophthalma
Microhedyle glandulifera
Parhedyle tyrtowii Parhedyle cryptophthalma
Parhedyle tyrtowii
Parhedyle cryptophthalma
Pontohedyle

External links

  • Media related to Microhedylidae at Wikimedia Commons