List of active separatist movements in South America
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This is a list of currently active separatist movements in South America. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism.
Criteria
What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:
- They are active movements with active members.
- They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).
- They are citizens/people of the conflict area and do not come from another country.
Under each region listed is one or more of the following:
- De facto state (de facto entity): for unrecognized regions with de facto autonomy. (Excluding Uncontacted peoples)
- Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state.
- Proposed autonomous area: for movements towards greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession. De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region. Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control. Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession. Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations. Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities. Ethnic/ethno-religious/racial/regional/religious group(s).
Argentina
- Proposed state: Mendoza Advocacy group: Éxito
- Proposed state: Wallmapu Advocacy groups: Consejo de Todas las Tierras, Resistencia Ancestral Mapuche, Coordinadora Arauco-Malleco
- Proposed state: Patagonia Advocacy group: Movimiento Independentista Patagónico
- Proposed autonomous area: Rio Negro Province Political Party: Together We Are Río Negro Ethnic group: Tehuelche people and Mapuche
- Ethnic group: Toba people, Wichí Proposed: Autonomy for Formosa
- Ethnic group: Diaguita Proposed: autonomy for the Diaguita in the Santa María Department
- Proposed: autonomy for Corrientes Advocacy group: Partido Autonomista de Corrientes
- Proposed: self determination for Buenos Aires Province
- Proposed: independence for the Center Region
Brazil
Secessionist movements
South Region (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina)
- Proposed: independence for the South Region Advocacy group: The South Is My Country
- Proposed state: Republic of São Paulo Advocacy group: Movimento São Paulo Independente
- Proposed: independence for the North Region Advocacy group: Associação Cultural dos Povos da Amazônia
- Proposed: independence for the Northeast Region Advocacy group: Nordeste Independente
- Proposed: independence for Bahia Advocacy group: Movimento República da Bahia
- Proposed: independence for Espírito Santo Advocacy group: O Espírito Santo é meu país
- Proposed: independence for Rio de Janeiro Advocacy group: O Rio é meu país
- Proposed: independence for Brasília Advocacy group: Movimento Brasìlia Independente
- Proposed: Independence for Ceará Advocacy group: Movimento Ceará Meu País
- Proposed: independence for Roraima Advocacy group: Movimento Roraima independente
- Proposed: independence for Goiás Advocacy group: Movimento República de Goiás
Autonomist movements
Western Pará
- Proposed federative unit: State of Tapajós Advocacy groups: Instituto Cidadão Pró-Estado do Tapajós (supported by the municipality of Santarém), Union of Municipalities for the State of Tapajós
Bolivia
Santa Cruz
- Proposed state: Santa Cruz Advocacy group: Nación Camba
- Proposed state: Qullasuyu Proposed state or autonomous area: Qullasuyu Advocacy groups for increased autonomy: Ethnocacerism, Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon Basin, National Confederation of Peruvian Amazonian Nationalities, Tupac Katari Guerrilla Army, Pachakuti Indigenous Movement and Indian Movement Túpac Katari, National Alliance of Workers, Farmers, Students, Reservists and Laborers (ANTAURO), Union for Peru, Go on Country, Peruvian Nationalist Party, Federation of Neighborhood Councils-El Alto Ethnic group: Aymara people
Lomerío nation
- Ethnic group: Monkoxɨ people Proposed: autonomy for the Monkoxɨ people Advocacy group: Central Indígena de Comunidades Originarias de Lomerío
Chile
- Proposed state or autonomous area: Wallmapu Advocacy groups: Consejo de Todas las Tierras, Resistencia Ancestral Mapuche, Coordinadora Arauco-Malleco
- Proposed state: Patagonia Pressure groups: Movimiento Independentista Patagónico
- Proposed autonomous area: Chiloé [citation needed] Advocacy group: Movimiento Archipiélago Soberano
- Proposed autonomous area: Arica y Parinacota Region Political party: Arica Estado Independiente
- Proposed autonomous area: Magallanes [citation needed] Advocacy group: Partido Regionalista de Magallanes
- Proposed: greater autonomy for the Aysén Region Advocacy group: Aysén Regional Productive Development Committee
Colombia
- Proposed state: Antioquia Advocacy group: Por una Antioquia Libre y Soberana
- Proposed state: Choco Advocacy group: República del Chocó
- Proposed state: República del Caribe
Autonomist
- Ethnic group: Indigenous peoples in Colombia Proposed: autonomy for the Indigenous peoples in Colombia
- Proposed: turning Magdalena Medio into its own department
Ecuador
- Proposed state: Guayaquil Advocacy group: República de Guayaquil
- Proposed state: Manabi
- Proposed: autonomy for the Saraguro people
Napo Province, Orellana Province and Pastaza Province[citation needed]
- Ethnic group: Waorani people Proposed: autonomy for the Waorani people in Ecuador Advocacy group: Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of the Ecuadorian Amazon
France
- Proposed state: Republic of Amazonia[citation needed] or Cayenne Advocacy group: Decolonization and Social Emancipation Movement
Guyana
- Proposed: autonomy for the Indigenous peoples in Guyana Political party: Amerindian People’s Association Ethnic group: Indigenous peoples in Guyana
Peru
- Proposed state: Qullasuyu Advocacy groups: Ethnocacerism, Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon Basin, National Confederation of Peruvian Amazonian Nationalities,Tupac Katari Guerrilla Army, Pachakuti Indigenous Movement, Indian Movement Túpac Katari, National Alliance of Workers, Farmers, Students, Reservists and Laborers (ANTAURO), Union for Peru, Go on Country, Peruvian Nationalist Party, Peruvian 'Great South' Ethnic group: Aymara people
- Proposed state: South Peru Advocacy Group: Front for the Defense of the Northern Cone of Arequipa (FREDICON)
- Proposed autonomous area: Loreto Ethnic group: Wampis
- Ethnic group: Shipibo-Conibo Proposed: autonomy for the Shipibo-Conibo Advocacy group: Shipibo Konibo Xetebo Council
Department of Junín, Department of Pasco and Department of Huánuco
Venezuela
- Proposed autonomous area: Zulia Advocacy group: Autonomous Indigenous Movement of Zulia (Movimiento Indígena Autónomo del Zulia)
- Proposed state: Nueva Esparta Advocacy group: Haz que Nueva Esparta sea libre
- Ethnic group: Indigenous peoples in Venezuela Proposed: autonomy for the Indigenous peoples in the Amazonas