National Database and Registration Authority

National Database & Registration Authority (NADRA;Urdu:نیشنل ڈیٹابیس اینڈرجسٹریشن اتھارٹی) is an independent and autonomous agency under the control of the Ministry of Interior Pakistan that regulates government databases and statistically manages the sensitive registration database of all the National Citizens of Pakistan. Lieutenant General Muhammad Munir Afsar is serving as the Chairman since 2 October 2023.

NADRA is also responsible for issuing Computerised National Identity Cards to the citizens of Pakistan as well as National Identity Card for Overseas Pakistanis and Pakistan Origin Card for people with Pakistani Origin who do not qualify or maintaining CNIC or NICOP. It is one of the largest government database institutions, employing more than 24,000 people in more than 963 domestic offices and ten international offices.

Legal Basis and Establishment

NADRA was established under the National Database and Registration Authority Ordinance 2000 (Ordinance No. VIII of 2000), which was promulgated on 10 March 2000. The Ordinance repealed the National Registration Act 1973 and transferred the functions of the earlier registration bodies to the new authority.

History

The National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA) was established on 10 March 2000 through the National Database and Registration Authority Ordinance, 2000 (Ordinance No. VIII of 2000). The ordinance merged the National Database Organisation (NDO), established under the Ministry of Interior following the 1998 population census, with the Directorate General of Registration (DGR), which had operated under the National Registration Act, 1973. The newly created authority was constituted as an independent corporate body responsible for modernising Pakistan's civil registration system by replacing manual records with a computerised national database.

In 2001, NADRA introduced the Computerised National Identity Card (CNIC), replacing the paper-based national identity card system with a digital identity framework. In October 2012, the authority launched the Smart National Identity Card (SNIC), an electronic chip-based identity document incorporating enhanced security features and compliance with international standards. NADRA subsequently introduced Pak Identity, an online platform that enables Pakistani citizens, both within the country and overseas, to apply for identity documents remotely.

NADRA's mandate has expanded beyond civil registration to support a range of national initiatives. It has assisted in the preparation and verification of electoral rolls and, by 2012, had facilitated the removal of approximately 37 million invalid voter records while adding more than 36 million newly eligible voters. The authority has also implemented biometric-based identity verification systems for disaster relief, financial inclusion programmes, and social protection initiatives. Internationally, NADRA has been recognised for its expertise in digital identity management, including efforts to improve the registration and inclusion of historically underregistered populations such as tribal communities, transgender persons, and women. It currently maintains one of the world's largest integrated citizen databases.

Computerised National Identity Card

The CNIC is a computerised national identity card issued by NADRA. As of 2025, more than 225 million CNICs had been issued.

The CNIC is issued first at the age of 18. However, for Pakistani citizens, the CNIC is mandatory for:

Voting
Opening and operating bank accounts
Obtaining a passport
Obtaining a domicile certificate
Obtaining an alcohol permit for non-Muslims
Purchasing vehicles and land
Obtaining a driver licence
Purchasing a plane, train, or inter-city bus ticket
Obtaining a mobile phone SIM card
Obtaining an electricity, landline telephone, natural gas, or water and sewerage connection
Securing admission to college and other post-graduate institutes
Conducting major financial transactions
Setting up a business
Registering a marriage or divorce
Opening a PO Box
Sending a packet or parcel via courier services
Buying or selling foreign currency via a bureau de change

Thus, it can be seen as a de facto necessity for meaningful civic life in Pakistan.

The Identity Card Number

Each citizen is assigned a unique 13-digit number. A child first receives this number at birth when the parents complete the child registration form, known as the B Form or Child Registration Certificate. The same number is later carried on the National Identity Card issued at the age of 18.

Requirements

In Pakistan, all adult citizens must register for the Computerised National Identity Card (CNIC) with a unique number upon reaching the age of 18. It serves as an identification document to authenticate an individual's identity as the citizen of Pakistan. Before introduction of the CNIC, manual National Identity Cards (NICs) were issued to citizens of Pakistan. Today, the Government has shifted all its existing records of National Identity Cards (NIC) to the central computerised database managed by NADRA. New CNIC's are machine-readable and carry facial and fingerprint information.

Every citizen is required to have a NIC number, and the number is required for many activities such as getting a driver licence or passport, registering a vehicle, receiving social insurance/Zakat funding, enrolling in school, college or technical institute, filing a legal affidavit, wiring funds, paying taxes, opening/operating a bank account, getting a utility connection (electricity, phone, mobile phone, water and sewer, natural gas), obtaining an alcohol permit for non-Muslim citizens, registering a marriage or divorce etc. [citation needed]

Information Shown on the Card

The card displays the legal name, gender (male, female, or transgender), the father's name or the husband's name for a married woman, an identification mark, date of birth, the identity card number, the family number, current address, permanent address, date of issue, date of expiry, signature, photograph, and a fingerprint. NADRA also records the holder's religion, though this information is not printed on the card itself.

Features

A unique 13-digit number is assigned at birth when the parents complete the child's birth registration form (Form RG-2, commonly known as B-Form or Child Registration Certificate (CRC)), and then a National Identity Card (NIC) with the same number is issued at the age of 18. Until 2001, NIC numbers were 11 digits long. In 2001-2002, the authority started issuing 13-digit NIC numbers along with their new Biometric ID cards. The first 5 digits are based on the applicant's locality, the next 7 are random numbers, and the last digit is a check digit, an even number for females and odd number for males. The old manual NIC numbers are invalid as of 1 January 2004.

The ID card has the following information on it: Legal Name, Gender (male, female, or transgender), Father's name (Husband's name for married females), Identification Mark, Date of Birth, National Identity Card Number, Family Tree ID Number, Current Address, Permanent Address, Date of Issue, Date of Expiry, Signature, Photo, and Fingerprint (Thumbprint) NADRA also records the applicant's religion, but this is not noted on the CNIC itself. NADRA has registered over 90% of women in Pakistan, and NADRA has started issuing ultra modern SCNIC (Smart Computerised National Identity Card) too having information both in English and Urdu languages.

Structure

The computerised national identity card (CNIC) issued by the National Database and Registration Authority (Nadra) verifies a person's Pakistani citizenship.

The 13-digit ID number comprises three parts. The first part, which comprises five digits i.e. '12101', has its first digit identifying the province, second digit identifying the division, third & fourth digit identifying the district and fifth digit identifying the tehsil.

People whose CNIC number starts with 1 are residents of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Similarly, 2 represents FATA, 3 for Punjab, 4 for Sindh, 5 represents Balochistan, 6 for Islamabad, 7 represents Gilgit-Baltistan province and 8 represents Kashmir.

The second digit in the CNIC number shows the division. Each digit identifies a different division in a province, while the rest of the three digit represent the district, tehsil and union council.

The second and middle part of the CNIC number refer to the family number of a citizen. This code forms the family tree of a citizen.

The third part, which has only one digit following a hyphen, represents sex. For men, odd digits i.e. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 are used, while even digits i.e. 2, 4, 6, 8 are used for women.

Smart National Identity Card

In October 2012, NADRA introduced Smart National Identity Card (SNIC), an electronic identity card equipped with enhanced security features. The card carries a data chip and complies with ICAO standard 9303 and the ISO/IEC 7816 standard for chip cards. The card can be used for both offline and online identification and for services such as voting, pension payments, and financial inclusion programmes.

Online Services

Citizens can apply for an identity card by visiting a NADRA Registration Centre or by applying online through the Pak Identity portal. The online application process extends to overseas Pakistanis, allowing them to apply and have cards delivered by mail. NADRA has also extended online application services to documents such as the National Identity Card for Overseas Pakistanis, the Pakistan Origin Card, and the Child Registration Certificate.

Application for National Identity Card

One can obtain his/her National Identity Card by either visiting the nearby NADRA office or by applying online. This online feature is really helpful. Especially, those Pakistanis who are expats can take advantage of this facility, being offered by NADRA.

Succession Certificate and Letter of Adminstration

From June 2021, NADRA began issuing succession certificates and letters of administration, initially in Karachi and subsequently expanding to other regions.

Registration Centres

NADRA operates registration centres across Pakistan, including standard centres and larger mega centres in major cities such as Karachi, which serve substantial populations.

Database Integrity

NADRA identifies and blocks identity cards that are found to be fraudulent or invalid. In 2012, NADRA reported that it had removed a significant number of invalid entries from the electoral rolls and added many newly eligible adults to the rolls, strengthening the integrity of the electoral database.

Achievements

Top 50 e-Passport Technology Suppliers for 9 consecutive years in ID World Magazine, for 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013.
"Outstanding Achievement Award" at CARDEX Middle East in Cairo, Egypt in May, 2007.
The Merit Exporter Award by Federation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FPCCI) in 2006.
NADRA's Chief Technology Officer, Mr. Usman Y. Mobin was awarded the "ID Talent Award" in November 2007 at the ID World International Congress held in Milan, Italy. He was recently awarded Tamgha-e-Imtiaz in 2009 for his services rendered to the State.
Successfully achieved Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) from Software Engineering Institute (SEI) Carnegie Mellon, USA.
NADRA Quality Management and CNIC Production departments are also ISO 9001:2000 Certified.
Deputy Chairman NADRA, Tariq Malik was awarded ID Outstanding Achievement Award on 3 November 2009, in Milan at an exclusive ceremony during the eighth ID WORLD International Congress, the Global Summit on Automatic Identification.
NADRA also tracks cases of fake identities through its system. When spotted and identified as fake identities, NADRA takes action by blocking those national identity cards.
By 2012, NADRA had cleaned up Pakistan's Voters List by removing approximately 37 Million "fake" voters from this list and adding more than 36 million new adults to the list.