Nu (letter)
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Nu (/ˈnjuː/ ⓘ; uppercase Ν, lowercase ν; Greek: vι ni, [ni]) is the thirteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, representing the voiced alveolar nasal [n]. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 50. It is derived from the Phoenician letter nun (𐤍). Its Latin equivalent is N, though the lowercase (ν {\displaystyle \nu }) resembles the Roman lowercase v.
The name of the letter is νῦ (nû, [nŷː]) in Ancient Greek, while in Modern Greek it is νι (ni, [ni]).
Letters that arose from nu include N in the Latin script and En (Н) in Cyrillic.
Symbology
The lower-case letter ν is used as a symbol in many academic fields. Uppercase nu is not used, because it appears identical to Latin N.
- Mathematics: Degrees of freedom in statistics. The greatest fixed point of a function, as commonly used in the μ-calculus. Free names of a process, as used in the π-calculus. One of the Greeks in mathematical finance, known as "vega". The reciprocal of 1 plus the interest rate in finance. The p-adic valuation or p-adic order of a number.
- Physics: Kinematic viscosity in fluid mechanics. The frequency of a wave in physics and other fields; sometimes also spatial frequency; wavenumber The specific volume in thermodynamics. Poisson's ratio, the ratio of strains perpendicular with and parallel with an applied force. Any of three kinds of neutrino in particle physics. The number of neutrons released per fission of an atom in nuclear physics. Molecular vibrational mode, νx where x is the number of the vibration (a label). The true anomaly, an angular parameter that defines the position of a body moving along an orbit (see orbital elements).
- Biology: A DNA polymerase found in higher eukaryotes and implicated in translesion synthesis.
- Chemistry: The stoichiometric coefficient.
- Psychology: The maximum conditioning possible for an unconditioned stimulus in the Rescorla-Wagner model.
Unicode
Encodings of Greek Nu and Coptic Ni.
- U+039DΝ GREEK CAPITAL LETTER NU (Ν)
- U+03BDν GREEK SMALL LETTER NU (ν) (
\nuin TeX) - U+2C9AⲚ COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER NI
- U+2C9Bⲛ COPTIC SMALL LETTER NI
- U+1D6B4𝚴 MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL NU
- U+1D6CE𝛎 MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL NU
- U+1D6EE𝛮 MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL NU
- U+1D708𝜈 MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL NU
- U+1D728𝜨 MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL NU
- U+1D742𝝂 MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL NU
- U+1D762𝝢 MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL NU
- U+1D77C𝝼 MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL NU
- U+1D79C𝞜 MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL NU
- U+1D7B6𝞶 MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL NU