Orthogastropoda

Orthogastropoda was a major taxonomic grouping of snails and slugs, an extremely large subclass within the huge class Gastropoda according to the older taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Ponder & Lindberg, 1997).

This taxon is no longer used according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005.

Ponder and Lindberg (1997) in the book The Southern Synthesis, showed the Orthogastropoda as one of two subclasses of the Gastropoda, the other subclass being a very much smaller group called the Eogastropoda, which contained only 5 families of true limpets.

This subclass, Orthogastropoda, which one perhaps could call the true snails, was defined most concisely as all gastropods which were not members of Patellogastropoda, the true limpets.

The Orthogastropoda appeared to form a clade which was supported by unambiguous synapomorphies. These synapomorphies (a series of characteristics that appear in its members but not in the other forms it diverged from) were the identifying characteristics of the clade.

Some of the characteristics were:

• eyes with a vitreous body on eyestalks.
• paired jaws, with their position free from the buccal mass
• a single kidney on the right side of pericardium
• a flexoglossate radula (with a flexible radular membrane). The radula is the snail's tongue, used as a rasping tool.
• unpaired osphradium (olfactory organ).
• lateral ciliated zones of osphradium
• a single left hypobranchial gland (on organ at gill, which releases secretions, such as the reddish dye Tyrian purple).
• an unpaired ctenidium (a comblike respiratory structure in certain mollusks)

Taxonomy

The following is based on the somewhat out-dated taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Ponder & Lindberg, 1997). For the most up-to-date system of gastropod taxonomy, please see Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).

Superorder Cocculiniformia Haszprunar, 1987

• Superfamily Cocculinoidea Dall, 1882
• Superfamily Lepetelloidea Dall, 1882 (deep sea limpets)

Superorder incertae sedis (Hot Vent Taxa)

• Order Neomphaloida Sitnikova & Starobogatov, 1983 Superfamily Neomphaloidea McLean, 1981 (hydrothermal vent limpets) Superfamily Peltospiroidea McLean, 1989

Superorder Vetigastropoda Salvini-Plawen, 1989 (limpets)

• Superfamily Fissurelloidea Flemming, 1822 (keyhole limpets)
• Superfamily Haliotoidea Rafinesque, 1815 (abalones)
• Superfamily Lepetodriloidea McLean, 1988 (hydrothermal vent limpets)
• Superfamily Pleurotomarioidea Swainson, 1840 (slit shells)
• Superfamily Seguenzioidea Verrill, 1884
• Superfamily Trochoidea Rafinesque, 1815 (top shells)

Superorder Neritaemorphi Koken, 1896

• Order Neritopsina Cox & Knight, 1960 Superfamily Neritoidea Lamarck, 1809

Superorder Caenogastropoda Cox, 1960

• Order Architaenioglossa Haller, 1890 Superfamily Ampullarioidea J.E. Gray, 1824 Superfamily Cyclophoroidea J.E. Gray, 1847 (terrestrial)
• Order Sorbeoconcha Ponder & Lindberg, 1997 Suborder Cerithiimorpha Golikov & Starobogatov, 1975 Superfamily Spanionematoidea Suborder Hypsogastropoda Ponder & Lindberg, 1997 Infraorder Littorinimorpha Golikov & Starobogatov, 1975 Superfamily Calyptraeoidea Lamarck, 1809 Superfamily Capuloidea J. Fleming, 1822 Superfamily Carinarioidea Blainville, 1818 Superfamily Cingulopsoidea Fretter & Patil, 1958 Superfamily Cypraeoidea Rafinesque, 1815 (cowries) Superfamily Ficoidea Meek, 1864 Superfamily Laubierinoidea Warén & Bouchet, 1990 Superfamily Littorinoidea (Children), 1834 (periwinkles) Superfamily Naticoidea Forbes, 1838 (moon shells) Superfamily Rissooidea J.E. Gray, 1847 (Risso shells) Superfamily Stromboidea Rafinesque, 1815 (true conchs) Superfamily Tonnoidea Suter, 1913 Superfamily Trivioidea Troschel, 1863 Superfamily Vanikoroidea J.E. Gray, 1840 Superfamily Velutinoidea J.E. Gray, 1840 Superfamily Vermetoidea Rafinesque, 1815 (worm shells) Superfamily Xenophoroidea Troschel, 1852 (carrier shells) Infraorder Neogastropoda Thiele, 1929 Superfamily Buccinoidea (whelks, false tritions) Superfamily Cancellarioidea Forbes & Hanley, 1851 Superfamily Conoidea Rafinesque, 1815 Superfamily Muricoidea Rafinesque, 1815 Infraorder Ptenoglossa J.E. Gray, 1853 Superfamily Eulimoidea Philippi, 1853 Superfamily Janthinoidea Lamarck, 1812 Superfamily Triphoroidea J.E. Gray, 1847 Suborder Discopoda P. Fischer, 1884 - sometimes included in Cerithiimorpha Superfamily Campaniloidea Douvillé, 1904 Superfamily Cerithioidea Férussac, 1822 Suborder Murchisoniina Cox & Knight, 1960 Superfamily Loxonematoidea Koken, 1889

Superorder Heterobranchia J.E. Gray, 1840

• Order Heterostropha P. Fischer, 1885 Superfamily Architectonicoidea J.E. Gray, 1840 Family Architectonicidae Gray, 1850 Superfamily Omalogyroidea G.O. Sars, 1878 Superfamily Pyramidelloidea J.E. Gray, 1840 Superfamily Rissoelloidea J.E. Gray, 1850 Superfamily Valvatoidea J.E. Gray, 1840
• Order Opisthobranchia Milne-Edwards, 1848 Suborder Nudibranchia Blainville, 1814 (nudibranchs) Infraorder Anthobranchia Férussac, 1819 Superfamily Doridoidea Rafinesque, 1815 Superfamily Doridoxoidea Bergh, 1900 Superfamily Onchidoridoidea Alder & Hancock, 1845 Superfamily Polyceroidea Alder & Hancock, 1845 Infraorder Cladobranchia Willan & Morton, 1984 Superfamily Aeolidioidea J.E. Gray, 1827 Superfamily Arminoidea Rafinesque, 1814 Superfamily Dendronotoidea Allman, 1845 Superfamily Metarminoidea Odhner in Franc, 1968 Suborder Anaspidea P. Fischer, 1883 (sea hares) Superfamily Akeroidea Pilsbry, 1893 Superfamily Aplysioidea Lamarck, 1809 Suborder Cephalaspidea P. Fischer, 1883 Superfamily Acteonoidea D'Orbigny, 1835 Superfamily Bulloidea Lamarck, 1801 Superfamily Cylindrobulloidea Thiele, 1931 Superfamily Diaphanoidea Odhner, 1914 Superfamily Haminoeoidea Pilsbry, 1895 Superfamily Philinoidea J.E. Gray, 1850 Superfamily Ringiculoidea Philippi, 1853 Suborder Gymnosomata Blainville, 1824 (sea angels) Suborder Notaspidea P. Fischer, 1883 Superfamily Pleurobranchoidea Férussac, 1822 Superfamily Tylodinoidea J.E. Gray, 1847 Suborder Sacoglossa Von Ihering, 1876 Superfamily Oxynooidea H. & A. Adams, 1854 Suborder Thecosomata Blainville, 1824 (sea butterflies) Infraorder Euthecosomata Superfamily Limacinoidea Superfamily Cavolinioidea Infraorder Pseudothecosomata Superfamily Peraclidoidea Superfamily Cymbulioidea
• Order Pulmonata Cuvier in Blainville, 1814 (pulmonates) Subinfraorder Orthurethra Superfamily Achatinelloidea Gulick, 1873 Superfamily Cochlicopoidea Pilsbry, 1900 Superfamily Partuloidea Pilsbry, 1900 Superfamily Pupilloidea Turton, 1831 Subinfraorder Sigmurethra Superfamily Acavoidea Pilsbry, 1895 Superfamily Achatinoidea Swainson, 1840 Superfamily Aillyoidea Baker, 1960 Superfamily Arionoidea J.E. Gray in Turnton, 1840 Superfamily Buliminoidea Clessin, 1879 Superfamily Camaenoidea Pilsbry, 1895 Superfamily Clausilioidea Mörch, 1864 Superfamily Dyakioidea Gude & Woodward, 1921 Superfamily Gastrodontoidea Tryon, 1866 Superfamily Helicoidea Rafinesque, 1815 Superfamily Helixarionoidea Bourguignat, 1877 Superfamily Limacoidea Rafinesque, 1815 Superfamily Oleacinoidea H. & A. Adams, 1855 Superfamily Orthalicoidea Albers-Martens, 1860 Superfamily Plectopylidoidea Moellendorf, 1900 Superfamily Polygyroidea Pilsbry, 1894 Superfamily Punctoidea Morse, 1864 Superfamily Rhytidoidea Pilsbry, 1893 Superfamily Sagdidoidera Pilsbry, 1895 Superfamily Staffordioidea Thiele, 1931 Superfamily Streptaxoidea J.E. Gray, 1806 Superfamily Strophocheiloidea Thiele, 1926 Superfamily Trigonochlamydoidea Hese, 1882 Superfamily Zonitoidea Mörch, 1864 Infraorder Acteophila Dall, 1885 Superfamily Melampoidea Stimpson, 1851 Infraorder Trimusculiformes Minichev & Starobogatov, 1975 Superfamily Trimusculoidea Zilch, 1959 Infraorder Stylommatophora A. Schmidt, 1856 (land snails) Suborder Basommatophora Keferstein in Bronn, 1864 (freshwater pulmonates) Superfamily Acroloxoidea Thiele, 1931 Superfamily Amphiboloidea J.E. Gray, 1840 Superfamily Chilinoidea H. & A. Adams, 1855 Superfamily Glacidorboidea Ponder, 1986 Superfamily Lymnaeoidea Rafinesque, 1815 Superfamily Planorboidea Rafinesque, 1815 Superfamily Siphonarioidea J.E. Gray, 1840 Suborder Eupulmonata Haszprunar & Huber, 1990 Suborder Systellommatophora Pilsbry, 1948 Superfamily Onchidioidea Rafinesque, 1815 Superfamily Otinoidea H. & A. Adams, 1855 Superfamily Rathouisioidea Sarasin, 1889

• Zapata, Felipe; Wilson, Nerida G.; Howison, Mark; Andrade, Sónia CS; Jörger, Katharina M.; Schrödl, Michael; Goetz, Freya E.; Giribet, Gonzalo; Dunn, Casey W. (2014). . Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 281 (1794) 20141739. bioRxiv . doi:. PMC . PMID .