Oxide mineral
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The oxide mineral class includes those minerals in which the oxide anion (O2−) is bonded to one or more metal alloys. The hydroxide-bearing minerals are typically included in the oxide class. Minerals with complex anion groups such as the silicates, sulfates, carbonates and phosphates are classed separately.
Simple oxides
- XO form Periclase group Periclase MgO Manganosite MnO Zincite group Zincite ZnO Bromellite BeO Tenorite CuO Litharge PbO
- XO2 form Rutile group Rutile TiO2 Pyrolusite MnO2 Cassiterite SnO2 Baddeleyite ZrO2 Uraninite UO2 Thorianite ThO2
- XY2O4 form Spinel group Spinel MgAl2O4 Gahnite ZnAl2O4 Magnetite Fe3O4 (Fe2+Fe3+2O4) Franklinite (Zn,Fe,Mn)(Fe,Mn)2O4 Chromite FeCr2O4 Chrysoberyl BeAl2O4 Columbite (Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)2O6
- Hydroxide subgroup: Brucite Mg(OH)2 Manganite MnO(OH) Romanèchite BaMn2+Mn4+8O16(OH)4 Goethite group: Diaspore αAlO(OH) Goethite αFeO(OH)
Nickel–Strunz class 4: oxides
IMA-CNMNC proposes a new hierarchical scheme (Mills et al., 2009). This list uses it to modify the Nickel–Strunz classification (mindat.org, 10 ed, pending publication).[original research?]
- Abbreviations: "*": discredited (IMA/CNMNC status) "?": questionable/doubtful (IMA/CNMNC status) "REE": Rare-earth element (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) "PGE": Platinum-group element (Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt) 03.C Aluminofluorides, 06 Borates, 08 Vanadates (04.H V[5,6] Vanadates), 09 Silicates: Neso: insular (from Greek: νησος, romanized:nēsos, lit.'island') Soro: grouping (from Greek: σωροῦ, romanized:sōros; heap, mound (especially of corn)) Cyclo: ring Ino: chain (from Greek: ις [genitive: ινος, inos], fibre) Phyllo: sheet (from Greek: φύλλον, romanized:phyllon, lit.'leaf') Tekto: three-dimensional framework
- Nickel–Strunz code scheme: NN.XY.##x NN: Nickel–Strunz mineral class number X: Nickel–Strunz mineral division letter Y: Nickel–Strunz mineral family letter ##x: Nickel–Strunz mineral/group number, x add-on letter
Class: oxides
- 04.A Metal:Oxygen = 2.1 and 1:1 04.AA Cation:Anion (M:O) = 2:1 (and 1.8:1): 05 Ice, 10 Cuprite, 15 Paramelaconite 04.AB M:O = 1:1 (and up to 1:1.25); with small to medium-sized cations only: 05 Crednerite, 10 Tenorite; 15 Delafossite, 15 Mcconnellite; 20 Bromellite, 20 Zincite; 25 Lime, 25 Bunsenite, 25 Monteponite, 25 Manganosite, 25 Periclase, 25 Wüstite 04.AC M:O = 1:1 (and up to 1:1.25); with large cations (± smaller ones): 05 Swedenborgite; 10 Brownmillerite, 10 Srebrodolskite; 15 Montroydite, 20 Litharge, 20 Romarchite, 25 Massicot
- 04.B Metal:Oxygen = 3:4 and similar 04.BA With small and medium-sized cations: 05 Chrysoberyl, 10 Manganostibite 04.BB With only medium-sized cations: 05 Filipstadite, 05 Donathite?, 05 Gahnite, 05 Galaxite, 05 Hercynite, 05 Spinel, 05 Cochromite, 05 Chromite, 05 Magnesiochromite, 05 Manganochromite, 05 Nichromite, 05 Zincochromite, 05 Magnetite, 05 Cuprospinel, 05 Franklinite, 05 Jacobsite, 05 Magnesioferrite, 05 Trevorite, 05 Brunogeierite, 05 Coulsonite, 05 Magnesiocoulsonite, 05 Qandilite, 05 Ulvospinel, 05 Vuorelainenite; 10 Hydrohetaerolite, 10 Hausmannite, 10 Iwakiite, 10 Hetaerolite; 15 Maghemite, 20 Tegengrenite, 25 Xieite 04.BC With medium-sized and large cations: 05 Marokite, 10 Dmitryivanovite 04.BD With only large cations: 05 Minium
- 04.C Metal:Oxygen = 2:3, 3:5, and Similar 04.CB With medium-sized cations: 05 Tistarite, 05 Auroantimonate*, 05 Brizziite-VII, 05 Brizziite-III, 05 Corundum, 05 Eskolaite, 05 Hematite, 05 Karelianite, 05 Geikielite, 05 Ecandrewsite, 05 Ilmenite, 05 Pyrophanite, 05 Melanostibite, 05 Romanite*; 10 Bixbyite, 10 Avicennite; 15 Armalcolite, 15 Mongshanite*, 15 Pseudobrookite; 20 Magnesiohogbomite-6N6S, 20 Magnesiohogbomite-2N3S, 20 Magnesiohogbomite-2N2S, 20 Zincohogbomite-2N2S, 20 Ferrohogbomite-2N2S; 25 Pseudorutile, 25 Ilmenorutile; 30 Oxyvanite, 30 Berdesinskiite; 35 Olkhonskite, 35 Schreyerite; 40 Kamiokite, 40 Nolanite, 40 Rinmanite; 45 Stibioclaudetite, 45 Claudetite; 50 Arsenolite, 50 Senarmontite; 55 Valentinite, 60 Bismite, 65 Sphaerobismoite, 70 Sillenite, 75 Kyzylkumite 04.CC With large and medium-sized cations: 05 Chrombismite, 10 Freudenbergite, 15 Grossite, 20 Mayenite, 25 Yafsoanite; 30 Barioperovskite, 30 Lakargiite, 30 Natroniobite, 30 Latrappite, 30 Lueshite, 30 Perovskite; 35 Macedonite, 35 Isolueshite, 35 Loparite-(Ce), 35 Tausonite; 40 Crichtonite, 40 Dessauite, 40 Davidite-(Ce), 40 Davidite-(La), 40 Mathiasite, 40 Lindsleyite, 40 Landauite, 40 Loveringite, 40 Loveringite, 40 Cleusonite, 40 Gramaccioliite-(Y); 45 Hawthorneite, 45 Magnetoplumbite, 45 Haggertyite, 45 Batiferrite, 45 Hibonite, 45 Nezilovite, 45 Yimengite, 45 Diaoyudaoite, 45 Lindqvistite, 45 Plumboferrite; 50 Jeppeite, 55 Zenzenite, 60 Mengxianminite*
- 04.D Metal:Oxygen = 1:2 and similar 04.DA With small cations (moved to -09- Subclass: tektosilicates) 04.DB With medium-sized cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra: 05 Tripuhyite, 05 Tugarinovite, 05 Varlamoffite*, 05 Argutite, 05 Cassiterite, 05 Rutile, 05 Pyrolusite, 05 Plattnerite, 05 Squawcreekite?; 10 Bystromite, 10 Ordonezite, 10 Tapiolite-(Fe), 10 Tapiolite-(Mn), 10 Tapiolite*, 15a Paramontroseite, 15a Ramsdellite, 15b Akhtenskite, 15c Nsutite; 20 Scrutinyite; 25 Ixiolite, 25 Ishikawaite, 25 Srilankite, 25 Samarskite-(Y), 25 Samarskite-(Yb), 25 Yttrocolumbite-(Y); 30 Heftetjernite, 30 Wolframoixiolite*, 30 Krasnoselskite*, 30 Ferberite, 30 Hubnerite, 30 Sanmartinite, 30 Wolframite*; 35 Tantalite-(Mg), 35 Tantalite-(Fe), 35 Tantalite-(Mn), 35 Columbite-(Mg), 35 Columbite-(Fe), 35 Columbite-(Mn), 35 Qitianlingite; 40 Ferrowodginite, 40 Lithiotantite, 40 Lithiowodginite, 40 Tantalowodginite*, 40 Titanowodginite, 40 Wodginite, 40 Ferrotitanowodginite; 45 Tivanite, 50 Carmichaelite, 55 Alumotantite, 60 Biehlite 04.DC With medium-sized cations; sheets of edge-sharing octahedra: 05 Bahianite, 10 Simpsonite 04.DD With medium-sized cations; frameworks of edge-sharing octahedra: 05 Anatase, 10 Brookite 04.DE With medium-sized cations; with various polyhedra: 05 Downeyite, 10 Koragoite; 15 Koechlinite, 15 Russellite, 15 Tungstibite; 20 Tellurite, 25 Paratellurite; 30 Cervantite, 30 Bismutotantalite, 30 Bismutocolumbite, 30 Clinocervantite, 30 Stibiocolumbite, 30 Stibiotantalite; 35 IMA2007-058, 35 Baddeleyite 04.DF With large (± medium-sized) cations; dimers and trimers of edge-sharing octahedra: 05 Nioboaeschynite-(Y), 05 Aeschynite-(Ce), 05 Aeschynite-(Nd), 05 Aeschynite-(Y), 05 Nioboaeschynite-(Ce), 05 Nioboaeschynite-(Nd), 05 Tantalaeschynite-(Y), 05 Rynersonite, 05 Vigezzite, 10 Changbaiite, 15 Murataite 04.DG With large (± medium-sized) cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra: 05 Euxenite-(Y), 05 Loranskite-(Y), 05 Polycrase-(Y), 05 Uranopolycrase, 05 Fersmite, 05 Kobeite-(Y), 05 Tanteuxenite-(Y), 05 Yttrocrasite-(Y); 10 Fergusonite-beta-(Nd), 10 Fergusonite-beta-(Y), 10 Fergusonite-beta-(Ce), 10 Yttrotantalite-(Y); 15 Foordite, 15 Thoreaulite; 20 Raspite 04.DH With large (± medium-sized) cations; sheets of edge-sharing octahedra: IMA/CNMNC revised the Pyrochlore supergroup 2010 (04.DH.15 and 04.DH.20) 05 Brannerite, 05 Orthobrannerite, 05 Thorutite; 10 Kassite, 10 Lucasite-(Ce) Pyrochlore group: Fluorcalciopyrochlore, Fluorkenopyrochlore, Fluornatropyrochlore, Fluorstrontiopyrochlore, Hydropyrochlore, Hydroxycalciopyrochlore, Kenoplumbopyrochlore, Oxycalciopyrochlore, Oxynatropyrochlore, Oxyplumbopyrochlore, Oxyyttropyrochlore-(Y) Microlite group: Fluorcalciomicrolite, Fluornatromicrolite, Hydrokenomicrolite, Hydromicrolite, Hydroxykenomicrolite, Kenoplumbomicrolite, Oxycalciomicrolite, Oxystannomicrolite, Oxystibiomicrolite Romeite group: Cuproromeite, Fluorcalcioromeite, Fluornatroromeite, Hydroxycalcioromeite, Oxycalcioromeite, Oxyplumboromeite, Stibiconite Betafite group: Calciobetafite, Oxyuranobetafite Elsmoreite group: Hydrokenoelsmoreite 25 Rosiaite; 30 Zirconolite-3O, 30 Zirconolite-3T, 30 Zirconolite-2M, 30 Zirconolite; 35 Liandratite, 35 Petscheckite; 40 Ingersonite, 45 Pittongite Discredited minerals 04.DH.15: Bariomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977), Bariopyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977), Betafite (of Hogarth 1977), Bismutomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977), Ceriopyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977), Jixianite, Natrobistantite, Plumbomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977), Plumbobetafite (of Hogarth 1977), Stannomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977), Stibiobetafite (of Černý et al.), Yttrobetafite (of Hogarth 1977), Yttropyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977), Bismutopyrochlore (of Chukanov et al.) and Bismutostibiconite 04.DH.20 04.DJ With large (± medium-sized) cations; polyhedral frameworks: 05 Calciotantite, 05 Irtyshite, 05 Natrotantite 04.DK With large (± medium-sized) cations; tunnel structures: 05 Ankangite, 05 Coronadite, 05 Hollandite, 05 Manjiroite, 05 Mannardite, 05 Redledgeite, 05 Priderite, 05 Henrymeyerite, 05 Akaganeite, 10 Cryptomelane, 10 Romanechite, 10 Strontiomelane, 10 Todorokite 04.DL With large (± medium-sized) cations; fluorite-type structures: 05 Cerianite-(Ce), 05 Zirkelite, 05 Thorianite, 05 Uraninite; 10 Calzirtite, 10 Hiarneite, 10 Tazheranite 04.DM With large (± medium-sized) cations; unclassified: 05 Sosedkoite, 05 Rankamaite; 15 Cesplumtantite, 20 Eyselite, 25 Kuranakhite
- 04.E Metal:Oxygen = < 1:2 04.E: IMA2008-040 04.EA Oxides with metal : oxygen < 1:2 (M2O5, MO3): 05 Tantite, 10 Krasnogorite*, 10 Molybdite
- 04.X Unclassified Strunz Oxides 04.XX Unknown: 00 Allendeite, 00 Ashanite?, 00 Hongquiite*, 00 Psilomelane?, 00 Uhligite?, 00 Clinobirnessite*, 00 Kleberite*, 00 Chubutite*, 00 Struverite?, 00 IMA2000-016, 00 IMA2000-026
Class: hydroxides
- 04.F Hydroxides (without V or U) 04.FA Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; corner-sharing tetrahedra: 05a Behoite, 05b Clinobehoite; 10 Sweetite, 10 Wulfingite, 10 Ashoverite 04.FB Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; insular octahedra: 05 Shakhovite; 10 Cualstibite, 10 Zincalstibite 04.FC Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; corner-sharing octahedra: 05 Dzhalindite, 05 Sohngeite, 05 Bernalite; 10 Burtite, 10 Mushistonite, 10 Natanite, 10 Vismirnovite, 10 Schoenfliesite, 10 Wickmanite; 15 Jeanbandyite, 15 Mopungite, 15 Stottite; 15 Tetrawickmanite; 20 Ferronigerite-6N6S, 20 Ferronigerite-2N1S, 20 Magnesionigerite-6N6S, 20 Magnesionigerite-2N1S; 25 Magnesiotaaffeite-6N3S, 25 Magnesiotaaffeite-2N2S, 25 Ferrotaaffeite-6N3S 04.FD Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; chains of edge-sharing octahedra: 05 Spertiniite; 10 Bracewellite, 10 Diaspore, 10 Guyanaite, 10 Groutite, 10 Goethite, 10 Montroseite, 10 Tsumgallite; 15 Manganitev; 20 Cerotungstite-(Ce), 20 Yttrotungstite-(Y), 20 Yttrotungstite-(Ce); 25 Frankhawthorneite; 30 Khinite, 30 Parakhinite 04.FE Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; sheets of edge-sharing octahedra: 05 Amakinite, 05 Brucite, 05 Portlandite, 05 Pyrochroite, 05 Theophrastite, 05 Fougerite; 10 Bayerite, 10 Doyleite, 10 Gibbsite, 10 Nordstrandite; 15 Boehmite, 15 Lepidocrocite; 20 Grimaldiite, 20 Heterogenite-2H, 20 Heterogenite-3R; 25 Feitknechtite, 25 Lithiophorite; 30 Quenselite, 35 Ferrihydrite; 40 Feroxyhyte, 40 Vernadite; 45 Quetzalcoatlite 04.FF Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; various polyhedra: 05 Hydroromarchite 04.FG Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; unclassified: 05 Janggunite, 10 Cesarolite, 15 Kimrobinsonite 04.FH Hydroxides with H2O ± (OH); insular octahedra: 05 Bottinoite, 05 Brandholzite 04.FJ Hydroxides with H2O ± (OH); corner-sharing octahedra: 05 Sidwillite, 05 Meymacite; 10 Tungstite; 15 Ilsemannite, 15 Hydrotungstite; 20 Parabariomicrolite 04.FK Hydroxides with H2O ± (OH); chains of edge-sharing octahedra: 05 Bamfordite 04.FL Hydroxides with H2O ± (OH); sheets of edge-sharing octahedra: 05 Meixnerite, 05 Jamborite, 05 Iowaite, 05 Woodallite, 05 Akdalaite, 05 Muskoxite; 10 Hydrocalumite, 15 Kuzelite; 20 Aurorite, 20 Chalcophanite, 20 Ernienickelite, 20 Jianshuiite; 25 Woodruffite, 30 Asbolane; 40 Takanelite, 40 Rancieite; 45 Birnessite, 55 Cianciulliite, 60 Jensenite, 65 Leisingite, 75 Cafetite, 80 Mourite, 85 Deloryite 04.FM Hydroxides with H2O ± (OH); Unclassified: 15 Franconite, 15 Hochelagaite, 15 Ternovite; 25 Belyankinite, 25 Gerasimovskite, 25 Manganbelyankinite; 30 Silhydrite, 35 Cuzticite, 40 Cyanophyllite 04.FN: 05 Menezesite
- 04.G Uranyl Hydroxides 04.GA Without additional cations: IMA2008-022; 05 Metaschoepite, 05 Paraschoepite, 05 Schoepite; 10 Ianthinite; 15 Metastudtite, 15 Studtite 04.GB With additional cations (K, Ca, Ba, Pb, etc.); with mainly UO2(O,OH)5 pentagonal polyhedra: 05 Compreignacite, 05 Agrinierite, 05 Rameauite; 10 Billietite, 10 Becquerelite, 10 Protasite; 15 Richetite; 20 Calciouranoite, 20 Bauranoite, 20 Metacalciouranoite; 25 Fourmarierite, 30 Wolsendorfite, 35 Masuyite; 40 Metavandendriesscheite, 40 Vandendriesscheite; 45 Vandenbrandeite, 50 Sayrite, 55 Curite, 60 Iriginite, 65 Uranosphaerite, 70 Holfertite 04.GC With additional cations; with UO2(O,OH)6 hexagonal polyhedra: 05 Clarkeite, 10 Umohoite, 15 Spriggite
- 04.H V[5,6] Vanadates (moved to -08- Class: vanadates)
- 04.I Ice group
- 04.X Unclassified Strunz Oxides (Hydroxides) 04.XX Unknown: 00 Ungursaite*, 00 Scheteligite?
- Palache, Charles, Harry Berman and Clifford Frondel, 1944, The System of Mineralogy, Wiley, 7th ed. Vol. 1, p. 490 ff.
- Klein, Cornelis and Cornelius S. Hurlbut, Jr., 1985, Manual of Mineralogy, Wiley, 20th ed., pp. 295–318
- Stuart J. Mills; Frédéric Hatert; Ernest H. Nickel & Giovanni Ferraris (2009). (PDF). Eur. J. Mineral. 21 (5): 1073–1080. Bibcode:. doi:. Archived from (PDF) on 2011-02-17.
- Nickel, Ernest H.; Nichols, Monte C. (March 2009). (PDF). IMA-CNMNC. Archived from (PDF) on 2012-03-26.
- Ferraiolo, Jim. . webmineral.com.