Perimys
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Perimys is an extinct genus of neoepiblemid rodent that lived from the Early to Late Miocene in what is now South America. Fossils have been found in the Cerro Bandera, Cerro Boleadoras, Ituzaingó, Santa Cruz, and Sarmiento Formations of Argentina, and the Galera, Santa Cruz, and Río Frías Formations of Chile.
Description
Perimys was a medium to large-sized rodent. Perimys can be distinguished from other caviomorphs in having euhypsodont and bilophodont cheek teeth, with the hypoflexus/id being conspicuously broader and filled with more cementum than in Prolagostomus and Pliolagostomus. As a result, the teeth of Perimys have a U-shape occlusal outline.
The malleoincudal complex of Perimys indicates its head was elongated, but not to the same extent as in chinchillines. As in chinchillids, however, the incudal long process of Perimys is more prolonged by a slight amount than the short process.
Taxonomy
Perimys was first described by Florentino Ameghino in 1887 based on remains found in the Santa Cruz Formation of Argentina, with the proposed type species being Perimys erutus. Several other species have been described as pertaining to this genus. Ameghino originally assigned it to the obsolete family Eryomyidae, however, many later authors have assigned it to the Neoepiblemidae family.
The following cladogram of the Caviomorpha is based on Busker et al. 2020, showing the position of Perimys.
| Baluchimyinae Bugtimys zafarullahi "Phiomorpha" Phiomys andrewsi Metaphiomys schaubi Octodontoidea Prospaniomys priscus Myocastor coypus Echimyidae Proechimys polioplus Eumysops laeviplicatus Kannabateomys amblyonyx Echimys chrysurus Ctenomyidae Ctenomys australis Plataeomys brevis Pithanotomys columnaris Octomys mimax Octodontomys gliroides Chasichimys bonaerense Chasicomys octodontiforme Acarechimys leucotheae Acarechimys minutus Acaremyidae Acaremys murinus Galileomys antelucanus Galileomys baios Erethizontoidea Steiromys detentus Eosteiromys homogenidens Dasyproctidae Dasyprocta azarae Node A Eoviscaccia frassinettii Eoviscaccia boliviana Garridomys curunuquem Incamys bolivianus Asteromys bolivianus Asteromys punctus Cephalomyidae Cephalomys ceciae Cephalomyopsis hypselodontus Litodontomys chubutensis Cephalomys arcidens Scotamys antiquus Neoepiblemidae Perimys intermedius Chinchillidae Lagostomus maximus Lagidium viscacia Chinchilla chinchilla Node B Banderomys leanzai Soriamys ganganensis Soriamys gaimanensis Luantus propheticus Guiomys unica Microcavia australis Cavia aperea Galea musteloides Dolichotis patagonum | |
| Baluchimyinae Bugtimys zafarullahi | |
| Baluchimyinae | Bugtimys zafarullahi |
| "Phiomorpha" Phiomys andrewsi Metaphiomys schaubi Octodontoidea Prospaniomys priscus Myocastor coypus Echimyidae Proechimys polioplus Eumysops laeviplicatus Kannabateomys amblyonyx Echimys chrysurus Ctenomyidae Ctenomys australis Plataeomys brevis Pithanotomys columnaris Octomys mimax Octodontomys gliroides Chasichimys bonaerense Chasicomys octodontiforme Acarechimys leucotheae Acarechimys minutus Acaremyidae Acaremys murinus Galileomys antelucanus Galileomys baios Erethizontoidea Steiromys detentus Eosteiromys homogenidens Dasyproctidae Dasyprocta azarae Node A Eoviscaccia frassinettii Eoviscaccia boliviana Garridomys curunuquem Incamys bolivianus Asteromys bolivianus Asteromys punctus Cephalomyidae Cephalomys ceciae Cephalomyopsis hypselodontus Litodontomys chubutensis Cephalomys arcidens Scotamys antiquus Neoepiblemidae Perimys intermedius Chinchillidae Lagostomus maximus Lagidium viscacia Chinchilla chinchilla Node B Banderomys leanzai Soriamys ganganensis Soriamys gaimanensis Luantus propheticus Guiomys unica Microcavia australis Cavia aperea Galea musteloides Dolichotis patagonum | |
| "Phiomorpha" Phiomys andrewsi Metaphiomys schaubi | |
| "Phiomorpha" | Phiomys andrewsi Metaphiomys schaubi |
| Phiomys andrewsi | |
| Metaphiomys schaubi | |
| Octodontoidea Prospaniomys priscus Myocastor coypus Echimyidae Proechimys polioplus Eumysops laeviplicatus Kannabateomys amblyonyx Echimys chrysurus Ctenomyidae Ctenomys australis Plataeomys brevis Pithanotomys columnaris Octomys mimax Octodontomys gliroides Chasichimys bonaerense Chasicomys octodontiforme Acarechimys leucotheae Acarechimys minutus Acaremyidae Acaremys murinus Galileomys antelucanus Galileomys baios Erethizontoidea Steiromys detentus Eosteiromys homogenidens Dasyproctidae Dasyprocta azarae Node A Eoviscaccia frassinettii Eoviscaccia boliviana Garridomys curunuquem Incamys bolivianus Asteromys bolivianus Asteromys punctus Cephalomyidae Cephalomys ceciae Cephalomyopsis hypselodontus Litodontomys chubutensis Cephalomys arcidens Scotamys antiquus Neoepiblemidae Perimys intermedius Chinchillidae Lagostomus maximus Lagidium viscacia Chinchilla chinchilla Node B Banderomys leanzai Soriamys ganganensis Soriamys gaimanensis Luantus propheticus Guiomys unica Microcavia australis Cavia aperea Galea musteloides Dolichotis patagonum | |
| Octodontoidea Prospaniomys priscus Myocastor coypus Echimyidae Proechimys polioplus Eumysops laeviplicatus Kannabateomys amblyonyx Echimys chrysurus Ctenomyidae Ctenomys australis Plataeomys brevis Pithanotomys columnaris Octomys mimax Octodontomys gliroides Chasichimys bonaerense Chasicomys octodontiforme Acarechimys leucotheae Acarechimys minutus Acaremyidae Acaremys murinus Galileomys antelucanus Galileomys baios | |
| Octodontoidea | Prospaniomys priscus Myocastor coypus Echimyidae Proechimys polioplus Eumysops laeviplicatus Kannabateomys amblyonyx Echimys chrysurus Ctenomyidae Ctenomys australis Plataeomys brevis Pithanotomys columnaris Octomys mimax Octodontomys gliroides Chasichimys bonaerense Chasicomys octodontiforme Acarechimys leucotheae Acarechimys minutus Acaremyidae Acaremys murinus Galileomys antelucanus Galileomys baios |
| Prospaniomys priscus | |
| Myocastor coypus Echimyidae Proechimys polioplus Eumysops laeviplicatus Kannabateomys amblyonyx Echimys chrysurus Ctenomyidae Ctenomys australis Plataeomys brevis Pithanotomys columnaris Octomys mimax Octodontomys gliroides Chasichimys bonaerense Chasicomys octodontiforme Acarechimys leucotheae Acarechimys minutus Acaremyidae Acaremys murinus Galileomys antelucanus Galileomys baios | |
| Myocastor coypus | |
| Echimyidae Proechimys polioplus Eumysops laeviplicatus Kannabateomys amblyonyx Echimys chrysurus Ctenomyidae Ctenomys australis Plataeomys brevis Pithanotomys columnaris Octomys mimax Octodontomys gliroides Chasichimys bonaerense Chasicomys octodontiforme Acarechimys leucotheae Acarechimys minutus Acaremyidae Acaremys murinus Galileomys antelucanus Galileomys baios | |
| Echimyidae Proechimys polioplus Eumysops laeviplicatus Kannabateomys amblyonyx Echimys chrysurus | |
| Echimyidae | Proechimys polioplus Eumysops laeviplicatus Kannabateomys amblyonyx Echimys chrysurus |
| Proechimys polioplus | |
| Eumysops laeviplicatus Kannabateomys amblyonyx Echimys chrysurus | |
| Eumysops laeviplicatus | |
| Kannabateomys amblyonyx Echimys chrysurus | |
| Kannabateomys amblyonyx | |
| Echimys chrysurus | |
| Ctenomyidae Ctenomys australis Plataeomys brevis Pithanotomys columnaris Octomys mimax Octodontomys gliroides Chasichimys bonaerense Chasicomys octodontiforme Acarechimys leucotheae Acarechimys minutus Acaremyidae Acaremys murinus Galileomys antelucanus Galileomys baios | |
| Ctenomyidae Ctenomys australis | |
| Ctenomyidae | Ctenomys australis |
| Plataeomys brevis Pithanotomys columnaris Octomys mimax Octodontomys gliroides Chasichimys bonaerense Chasicomys octodontiforme Acarechimys leucotheae Acarechimys minutus Acaremyidae Acaremys murinus Galileomys antelucanus Galileomys baios | |
| Plataeomys brevis Pithanotomys columnaris | |
| Plataeomys brevis | |
| Pithanotomys columnaris | |
| Octomys mimax Octodontomys gliroides Chasichimys bonaerense Chasicomys octodontiforme Acarechimys leucotheae Acarechimys minutus Acaremyidae Acaremys murinus Galileomys antelucanus Galileomys baios | |
| Octomys mimax | |
| Octodontomys gliroides Chasichimys bonaerense Chasicomys octodontiforme Acarechimys leucotheae Acarechimys minutus Acaremyidae Acaremys murinus Galileomys antelucanus Galileomys baios | |
| Octodontomys gliroides | |
| Chasichimys bonaerense Chasicomys octodontiforme Acarechimys leucotheae Acarechimys minutus Acaremyidae Acaremys murinus Galileomys antelucanus Galileomys baios | |
| Chasichimys bonaerense | |
| Chasicomys octodontiforme | |
| Acarechimys leucotheae Acarechimys minutus Acaremyidae Acaremys murinus Galileomys antelucanus Galileomys baios | |
| Acarechimys leucotheae | |
| Acarechimys minutus | |
| Acaremyidae | Acaremys murinus Galileomys antelucanus Galileomys baios |
| Acaremys murinus | |
| Galileomys antelucanus | |
| Galileomys baios | |
| Erethizontoidea Steiromys detentus Eosteiromys homogenidens Dasyproctidae Dasyprocta azarae Node A Eoviscaccia frassinettii Eoviscaccia boliviana Garridomys curunuquem Incamys bolivianus Asteromys bolivianus Asteromys punctus Cephalomyidae Cephalomys ceciae Cephalomyopsis hypselodontus Litodontomys chubutensis Cephalomys arcidens Scotamys antiquus Neoepiblemidae Perimys intermedius Chinchillidae Lagostomus maximus Lagidium viscacia Chinchilla chinchilla Node B Banderomys leanzai Soriamys ganganensis Soriamys gaimanensis Luantus propheticus Guiomys unica Microcavia australis Cavia aperea Galea musteloides Dolichotis patagonum | |
| Erethizontoidea Steiromys detentus Eosteiromys homogenidens | |
| Erethizontoidea | Steiromys detentus Eosteiromys homogenidens |
| Steiromys detentus | |
| Eosteiromys homogenidens | |
| Dasyproctidae Dasyprocta azarae Node A Eoviscaccia frassinettii Eoviscaccia boliviana Garridomys curunuquem Incamys bolivianus Asteromys bolivianus Asteromys punctus Cephalomyidae Cephalomys ceciae Cephalomyopsis hypselodontus Litodontomys chubutensis Cephalomys arcidens Scotamys antiquus Neoepiblemidae Perimys intermedius Chinchillidae Lagostomus maximus Lagidium viscacia Chinchilla chinchilla Node B Banderomys leanzai Soriamys ganganensis Soriamys gaimanensis Luantus propheticus Guiomys unica Microcavia australis Cavia aperea Galea musteloides Dolichotis patagonum | |
| Dasyproctidae | Dasyprocta azarae |
| Node A | Eoviscaccia frassinettii Eoviscaccia boliviana Garridomys curunuquem Incamys bolivianus Asteromys bolivianus Asteromys punctus Cephalomyidae Cephalomys ceciae Cephalomyopsis hypselodontus Litodontomys chubutensis Cephalomys arcidens Scotamys antiquus Neoepiblemidae Perimys intermedius Chinchillidae Lagostomus maximus Lagidium viscacia Chinchilla chinchilla Node B Banderomys leanzai Soriamys ganganensis Soriamys gaimanensis Luantus propheticus Guiomys unica Microcavia australis Cavia aperea Galea musteloides Dolichotis patagonum |
| Eoviscaccia frassinettii Eoviscaccia boliviana Garridomys curunuquem | |
| Eoviscaccia frassinettii | |
| Eoviscaccia boliviana | |
| Garridomys curunuquem | |
| Incamys bolivianus Asteromys bolivianus Asteromys punctus Cephalomyidae Cephalomys ceciae Cephalomyopsis hypselodontus Litodontomys chubutensis Cephalomys arcidens Scotamys antiquus Neoepiblemidae Perimys intermedius Chinchillidae Lagostomus maximus Lagidium viscacia Chinchilla chinchilla Node B Banderomys leanzai Soriamys ganganensis Soriamys gaimanensis Luantus propheticus Guiomys unica Microcavia australis Cavia aperea Galea musteloides Dolichotis patagonum | |
| Incamys bolivianus | |
| Asteromys bolivianus Asteromys punctus Cephalomyidae Cephalomys ceciae Cephalomyopsis hypselodontus Litodontomys chubutensis Cephalomys arcidens Scotamys antiquus Neoepiblemidae Perimys intermedius Chinchillidae Lagostomus maximus Lagidium viscacia Chinchilla chinchilla Node B Banderomys leanzai Soriamys ganganensis Soriamys gaimanensis Luantus propheticus Guiomys unica Microcavia australis Cavia aperea Galea musteloides Dolichotis patagonum | |
| Asteromys bolivianus Asteromys punctus | |
| Asteromys bolivianus | |
| Asteromys punctus | |
| Cephalomyidae Cephalomys ceciae Cephalomyopsis hypselodontus Litodontomys chubutensis Cephalomys arcidens Scotamys antiquus Neoepiblemidae Perimys intermedius Chinchillidae Lagostomus maximus Lagidium viscacia Chinchilla chinchilla Node B Banderomys leanzai Soriamys ganganensis Soriamys gaimanensis Luantus propheticus Guiomys unica Microcavia australis Cavia aperea Galea musteloides Dolichotis patagonum | |
| Cephalomyidae Cephalomys ceciae Cephalomyopsis hypselodontus Litodontomys chubutensis Cephalomys arcidens | |
| Cephalomyidae | Cephalomys ceciae Cephalomyopsis hypselodontus Litodontomys chubutensis Cephalomys arcidens |
| Cephalomys ceciae | |
| Cephalomyopsis hypselodontus | |
| Litodontomys chubutensis | |
| Cephalomys arcidens | |
| Scotamys antiquus Neoepiblemidae Perimys intermedius Chinchillidae Lagostomus maximus Lagidium viscacia Chinchilla chinchilla Node B Banderomys leanzai Soriamys ganganensis Soriamys gaimanensis Luantus propheticus Guiomys unica Microcavia australis Cavia aperea Galea musteloides Dolichotis patagonum | |
| Scotamys antiquus | |
| Neoepiblemidae Perimys intermedius Chinchillidae Lagostomus maximus Lagidium viscacia Chinchilla chinchilla Node B Banderomys leanzai Soriamys ganganensis Soriamys gaimanensis Luantus propheticus Guiomys unica Microcavia australis Cavia aperea Galea musteloides Dolichotis patagonum | |
| Neoepiblemidae Perimys intermedius Chinchillidae Lagostomus maximus Lagidium viscacia Chinchilla chinchilla | |
| Neoepiblemidae | Perimys intermedius |
| Chinchillidae | Lagostomus maximus Lagidium viscacia Chinchilla chinchilla |
| Lagostomus maximus | |
| Lagidium viscacia Chinchilla chinchilla | |
| Lagidium viscacia | |
| Chinchilla chinchilla | |
| Node B | Banderomys leanzai Soriamys ganganensis Soriamys gaimanensis Luantus propheticus Guiomys unica Microcavia australis Cavia aperea Galea musteloides Dolichotis patagonum |
| Banderomys leanzai Soriamys ganganensis Soriamys gaimanensis | |
| Banderomys leanzai | |
| Soriamys ganganensis Soriamys gaimanensis | |
| Soriamys ganganensis | |
| Soriamys gaimanensis | |
| Luantus propheticus Guiomys unica Microcavia australis Cavia aperea Galea musteloides Dolichotis patagonum | |
| Luantus propheticus | |
| Guiomys unica Microcavia australis Cavia aperea Galea musteloides Dolichotis patagonum | |
| Guiomys unica | |
| Microcavia australis Cavia aperea Galea musteloides Dolichotis patagonum | |
| Microcavia australis | |
| Cavia aperea Galea musteloides Dolichotis patagonum | |
| Cavia aperea | |
| Galea musteloides Dolichotis patagonum | |
| Galea musteloides | |
| Dolichotis patagonum | |
Palaeobiology
Functional analysis of its scapula, humerus, ulna, and radius suggests that Perimys would have been well adapted for fossoriality.