Post-romanticism
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Post-romanticism or Postromanticism refers to a range of cultural endeavors and attitudes emerging in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, after the period of Romanticism.
In literature
The period of post-romanticism in poetry is defined as the mid-to-late nineteenth century, but includes the much earlier poetry of Letitia Elizabeth Landon and Tennyson.
Notable post-romantic writers
In music
Post-romanticism in music refers to composers who wrote classical symphonies, operas, and songs in transitional style that constituted a blend of late romantic and early modernist musical languages. Arthur Berger described the mysticism of La Jeune France as post-Romanticism rather than neo-Romanticism.
Post-romantic composers created music that used traditional forms combined with advanced harmony. Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji created post-romantic nocturnes that used unconventional harmonic language and Béla Bartók, for example, "in such Strauss-influenced works as Duke Bluebeard's Castle", may be described as having still used "dissonance ['such intervals as fourths and sevenths'] in traditional forms of music for purposes of post-romantic expression, not simply always as an appeal to the primal art of sound".
Other notable post-romantic composers
- Richard Wagner
- Giacomo Puccini
- Richard Strauss
- Gustav Mahler
- Jean Sibelius
- Alexander Scriabin
- Sergei Rachmaninoff
- Modest Mussorgsky
- Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji
Further reading
- Burkholder, J. Peter, Donald Jay Grout, and Claude V. Palisca. A History of Western Music, 7th ed., New York: W. W. Norton, 2006.
- Pappas, Sara (Spring–Summer 2008). "Review of Claudia Moscovici, Romanticism and Postromanticism (Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books, 2007)". Nineteenth-Century French Studies. 36 (3 & 4). University of Nebraska Press: 335–337. doi:.
- Tilby, Michael. Review of Claudia Moscovici, Romanticism and Postromanticism. French Studies: A Quarterly Review, vol. 62, no. 4, October 2008, pp. 486–487.