Push and pull factors in migration according to Everett S. Lee (1917-2007) are categories that demographers use to analyze human migration from former areas to new host locations. Lee's model divides factors causing migrations into two groups of factors: push and pull. Push factors are things that are unfavourable about the home area that one lives in, and pull factors are things that attract one to another host area.

Sociology professor Hein de Haas has criticized the push-pull model for its inability to explain real world migration patterns.

See also

Notes

Further reading

  • Azunre, Gideon Abagna, Richard Azerigyik, and Pearl Puwurayire. "Deciphering the drivers of informal urbanization by Ghana's urban poor through the lens of the push-pull theory." InPlaning Forum Vol. 18. (2021).
  • Dorigo, Guido, and Waldo Tobler. "Push-pull migration laws." Annals of the Association of American Geographers 73.1 (1983): 1-17
  • Hoffmann, Ellen M., et al. "Is the push-pull paradigm useful to explain rural-urban migration? A case study in Uttarakhand, India." PloS one 14.4 (2019): e0214511.
  • Khalid, Bilal, and Mariusz Urbański. "Approaches to understanding migration: a mult-country analysis of the push and pull migration trend." Economics & Sociology 14.4 (2021): 242–267. DOI:10.14254/2071-789X.2021/14-4/14
  • Lee, Everett S. (1966). . Demography. 3 (1): 47–57. doi:. JSTOR . S2CID .
  • Yaro, Joseph A. "Development as push and pull factor in migration." Migration & Entwicklung (2008): 16+ .