List of Russian inventors
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This is a list of inventors from the Russian Federation, Soviet Union, Russian Empire, Tsardom of Russia and Grand Duchy of Moscow, including both ethnic Russians and people of other ethnicities.
This list also includes those who were born in Russia or its predecessor states but later emigrated, and those who were born elsewhere but immigrated to the country or worked there for a considerable time, (producing inventions on Russian soil).
For Russian inventions in chronological order, see the Timeline of Russian inventions and technology records.
Alphabetical list
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
- F
- G
- H
- I
- J
- K
- L
- M
- N
- O
- P
- Q
- R
- S
- T
- U
- V
- W
- X
- Y
- Z
- See also
- References
A
B
C
| Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vladimir Chelomey (1914–1984) Russian Empire Soviet Union | first space station (Salyut 1), further space stations of Salyut series, Proton rocket (the most used heavy lift launch system) | ||
| Pavel Cherenkov (1904–1990) Russian Empire Soviet Union | Cherenkov detector | Cherenkov radiation | |
| Evgeniy Chertovsky (1902–?) Russian Empire Soviet Union Russian Federation | pressure suit | Pressure suit | |
| Alexander Chizhevsky (1897–1964) Russian Empire Soviet Union | air ionizer (Chizhevsky's chandelier) | A modern air ionizer | |
| Andrey Chokhov (c. 1545–1629) Grand Duchy of Moscow Tsardom of Russia | Tsar Cannon, the largest bombard by caliber but inoperative | The Tsar Cannon |
D
E
| Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ivan Elmanov Russian Empire | first monorail (the so-called "Road on Pillars" near Moscow, with horse-drawn carriages) | Modern Moscow monorail |
F
| Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peter Carl Fabergé (1846–1920) Russian Empire | Fabergé Eggs | Memory of Azov Egg | |
| Nicolas Florine (1891–1972) Russian Empire Belgium (born in Georgia) | first tandem rotor helicopter to fly freely | A modern tandem rotor helicopter | |
| Ivan Fyodorov (c. 1510–1583) Grand Duchy of Moscow Tsardom of Russia Poland-Lithuania | invented multibarreled mortar, introduced printing in Russia | Fedorov depicted in his typography | |
| Svyatoslav Fyodorov (1927–2000) Soviet Union Russian Federation | radial keratotomy | ||
| Vladimir Fyodorov (1874–1966) Russian Empire Soviet Union | Fedorov Avtomat (first self-loading battle rifle, arguably the first assault rifle) |
G
H
| Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Waldemar Haffkine (1860–1930) Russian Empire Switzerland | developed and used first vaccines against cholera and bubonic plague | An injection of anti-plague vaccine |
I
| Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gavriil Ilizarov (1921–1992) Soviet Union Russian Federation | Ilizarov apparatus, external fixation, distraction osteogenesis | Ilizarov apparatus | |
| Sergey Ilyushin (1894–1977) Russian Empire Soviet Union | Il-series fighter aircraft, including Ilyushin Il-2 bomber (the most produced military aircraft in history) | ||
| Aleksei Isaev (1908–1971) Russian Empire Soviet Union (second left on photo) | first rocket-powered fighter aircraft, BI-1 (together with Bereznyak) | BI-1 | |
| Isidore Grand Duchy of Moscow | Russian vodka | ||
| Vladislav Ivanov (1936–2007) Soviet Union Russian Federation | Pioneer of Magnetic resonance imaging | MRI |
J
| Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Boris Jacobi (1801–1874) Prussia Russian Empire | electrotyping (an application of electroplating to typography), electric boat | Early electroplating |
K
L
M
N
O
| Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Theophil Wilgodt Odhner (1845–1903) Sweden Russian Empire | the Odhner Arithmometer (a mechanical pinwheel calculator) | Odhner Arithmometer | |
| Lucien Olivier (1838–1883) Russian Empire (Belgian or French origin) | Russian salad (Olivier salad) | Russian salad |
P
R
| Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Leonid Ramzin (1887–1948) Russian Empire Soviet Union | straight-flow boiler (Ramzin boiler) | ||
| Peter I of Russia (Romanov) (1672–1725) Tsardom of Russia Russian Empire | decimal currency, yacht club, sounding line with separating plummet (sounding weight probe) | Sounding line throwing | |
| Ida Rosenthal (1886–1973) Russian Empire United States (born in Belarus, Jewish descent) | modern brassiere (Maidenform), the standard of cup sizes, nursing bra, full-figured bra, the first seamed uplift bra (all with her husband William) | A modern brassiere | |
| Boris Rosing (1869–1933) Russian Empire Soviet Union | CRT television (first TV system using cathode ray tube on the receiving side) | A modern cathode ray tube | |
| Eugene Roshal (born 1972) Soviet Union Russian Federation | FAR file manager, RAR file format, WinRAR file archiver | FAR Manager screenshot |
S
T
U
| Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vladimir Utkin (1923–2000) Soviet Union Russian Federation | railcar-launched ICBM (RT-23 Molodets), other Soviet rockets | RT-23 in the St Petersburg railway museum |
V
| Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vladimir Vakhmistrov (1897–1972) Russian Empire Soviet Union | first bomber with a parasite aircraft (Zveno project) | ||
| Viktor Vasnetsov (1848–1926) Russian Empire Soviet Union | budenovka military hat | ||
| Vladimir Veksler (1907–1966) Russian Empire Soviet Union | synchrophasotron, co-inventor of synchrotron | A modern synchrotron scheme |
W
| Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Paul Walden (1863–1957) Russian Empire Germany (born in Latvia, Baltic German descent) | Walden inversion, Ethylammonium nitrate (the first room temperature ionic liquid) | Ethylammonium nitrate formula |
Y
| Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pavel Yablochkov (1847–1894) Russian Empire | Yablochkov candle (first commercially viable electric carbon arc lamp) | Yablochkov demonstrates his illumination in Paris, 1878 | |
| Alexander Yakovlev (1906–1989) Russian Empire Soviet Union | Yak-series aircraft, including Yakovlev Yak-40 (the first regional jet) | Yakovlev Yak-40 | |
| Vladimir Yourkevitch (1885–1964) Russian Empire France United States | modern ship hull design | SS Normandie | |
| Sergei Yudin (1891–1954) Russian Empire Soviet Union | cadaveric blood transfusion and other medical operations | World War II syringe for blood transfusion |
Z
| Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ludwik Łazarz Zamenhof (1859–1917) Russian Empire (Poland) | Esperanto language | Flag of Esperanto | |
| Yevgeny Zavoisky (1907–1976) Russian Empire Soviet Union | EPR spectroscopy, co-developer of NMR spectroscopy | Simulated EPR spectrum of the CH3 radical. | |
| Nikolay Zelinsky (1861–1953) Russian Empire Soviet Union | the first effective filtering activated charcoal gas mask in the world | A modern Russian gas mask | |
| Nikolai Zhukovsky (1847–1921) Russian Empire Russian SFSR | an early wind tunnel, co-developer of the Tsar Tank | A modern wind tunnel | |
| Vladimir Zvorykin (1889–1982) Russian Empire United States | pioneer of television technology Iconoscope, kinescope | Zworykin's draft of a UV-microscope, similar to iconoscope | |
| Vasily Zvyozdochkin (1876–1956) Russian Empire Soviet Union | matryoshka doll (together with painter Sergey Malyutin) | Matryoshka doll taken apart |