This is a list of inventors from the Russian Federation, Soviet Union, Russian Empire, Tsardom of Russia and Grand Duchy of Moscow, including both ethnic Russians and people of other ethnicities.

This list also includes those who were born in Russia or its predecessor states but later emigrated, and those who were born elsewhere but immigrated to the country or worked there for a considerable time, (producing inventions on Russian soil).

For Russian inventions in chronological order, see the Timeline of Russian inventions and technology records.

Alphabetical list

  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • E
  • F
  • G
  • H
  • I
  • J
  • K
  • L
  • M
  • N
  • O
  • P
  • Q
  • R
  • S
  • T
  • U
  • V
  • W
  • X
  • Y
  • Z
  • See also
  • References

A

PortraitPersonInventionsImage
Bruno Abakanowicz (1852–1900) Russian Empire France (Poland/Lithuania origin)Integraph, spirograph, parabolagraphSpirograph designs
Valerian Abakovsky (1895–1921) Russian Empire Soviet Union Latviaaerowagon
Vitaly Abalakov (1906–1986) Russian Empire Soviet Unioncamming devices, Abalakov thread (V-thread) gearless ice climbing anchorSpring-loaded camming device
Evgeny Abramyan (1930–2014) Soviet Union Russian Federation Georgiahalyard for the first extra-vehicular activitySpace suit worn by Leonov during the first EVA
Vsevolod Abramovich (1890–1913) Russian Empire Soviet UnionAbramovich Flyer
Hovannes Adamian (1879–1932) Russian Empire Soviet Union (Armenia/Azerbaijan/Germany)tricolor principle of the color televisionRGB color model
Franz Aepinus (1724–1802) Holy Roman Empire Russian Empireachromatic microscope
Georgy Adelson-Velsky (1922–2014) Soviet Union Russia IsraelAVL tree datastructure, Kaissa (the first World Computer Chess Champion)AVL Tree
Anatoly Alexandrov (1903–1994) Russian Empire Soviet Union Russian Federationanti-mine demagnetising of ships, naval nuclear reactors (including one for the first nuclear icebreaker)Lenin, the first nuclear icebreaker
Alexandre Alexeieff (1901–1982) Russian Empire Francepinscreen animation (with his wife Claire Parker)Pin Art
Rostislav Alexeyev (1916–1980) Russian Empire Soviet Unionekranoplan, Soviet high-speed hydrofoilsA-90 Orlyonok ekranoplan.
Zhores Alferov (1930–2019) Soviet Union Russian Federationheterotransistor (with Herbert Kroemer), continuous-wave-operating diode laser (with Dmitri Garbuzov)Laser diode array
Genrich Altshuller (1926–1998) Soviet Union Russian FederationTRIZ ("The Theory of Solving Inventor's Problems")
Vasily Andreyev (1861–1918) Russian Empirestandard balalaikaA souvenir balalaika
Oleg Antonov (1906–1984) Russian Empire Soviet UnionAn-series aircraft, including Antonov A-40 winged tank and Antonov An-124 (the largest serial cargo aircraft, later modified to world's largest fixed-wing aircraft Antonov An-225)An-124-100
Lev Artsimovich (1909–1973) Russian Empire Soviet Unionfirst tokamakTokamak scheme

B

PortraitPersonInventionsImage
Georgy Babakin (1914–1971) Russian Empire Soviet Unionfirst soft landing space vehicle (Luna 9)
Boris Babayan (born 1933) Soviet Union RussiaElbrus computer
Vladimir Baranov-Rossine (1888–1944) Russian Empire France (Ukraine) (self-portrait)Optophonic Piano, pointillist or dynamic military camouflageA modern Canadian digital camouflage
Vladimir Barmin (1909–1993) Russian Empire Soviet Union Russian Federationfirst rocket launch complex (Baikonur spaceport)Baikonur spaceport souvenir
Nikolay Basov (1922–2001) Soviet Union Russian Federationco-inventor of laser and maserLaser beams
Ernest Beaux (1881–1961) Russian Empire FranceChanel No. 5Chanel No. 5.
Vladimir Bekhterev (1857–1927) Russian Empire Soviet UnionBekhterev’s Mixture (a medicine with a sedative effect)Sodium bromide, a part of Bekhterev’s Mixture
Nikolay Benardos (1842–1905) Russian Empirearc welding (specifically carbon arc welding, the first arc welding method)The first arc welding method, Electro Hephaestus
Aleksandr Bereznyak (1912–1974) Russian Empire Soviet Union (left on photo)first rocket-powered fighter aircraft, BI-1 (together with Isaev)BI-1
Georgy Beriev (1903–1979) Russian Empire Soviet Union (Georgian origin)Be-series amphibious aircraft[citation needed]Beriev Be-12 Chayka
Fyodor Blinov (1827–1902) Russian Empirefirst tracked vehicle (a wagon on continuous tracks), steam-powered caterpillar tractorBlinov's caterpillar steam tractor
Sam Born (1891–1959) Russian Empire United Stateslollipop-making machineA particularly large lollipop
Georgy Bothezat (1882–1940) Russian Empire United Statesquadrotor helicopter (The Flying Octopus)De Bothezat's quadrotor helicopter.
Sergey Brin (born 1973) Soviet Union United Stateswith Larry Page, invented Google web search engineGoogle Search logo
Mikhail Britnev (1822–1889) Russian Empirefirst metal-hull icebreaker (Pilot)Icebreaker Pilot on a postage stamp
Nikolay Brusentsov (1925–2014) Soviet Union Russian Federationternary computer (Setun)
Gersh Budker (1918–1977) Soviet Unionelectron cooling, co-inventor of colliderElectron beam
Aleksandr Butlerov (1828–1886) Russian Empirehexamine, formaldehyde, formose reaction (the synthesis of sugar)Formaldehyde formula

C

PortraitPersonInventionsImage
Vladimir Chelomey (1914–1984) Russian Empire Soviet Unionfirst space station (Salyut 1), further space stations of Salyut series, Proton rocket (the most used heavy lift launch system)
Pavel Cherenkov (1904–1990) Russian Empire Soviet UnionCherenkov detectorCherenkov radiation
Evgeniy Chertovsky (1902–?) Russian Empire Soviet Union Russian Federationpressure suitPressure suit
Alexander Chizhevsky (1897–1964) Russian Empire Soviet Unionair ionizer (Chizhevsky's chandelier)A modern air ionizer
Andrey Chokhov (c. 1545–1629) Grand Duchy of Moscow Tsardom of RussiaTsar Cannon, the largest bombard by caliber but inoperativeThe Tsar Cannon

D

PortraitPersonInventionsImage
Vasily Degtyaryov (1880–1949) Russian Empire Soviet Unionfirst self-loading carbine, Degtyaryov-series firearms, co-developer of Fedorov Avtomat (the first self-loading rifle)
Akinfiy Demidov (1678–1745) Tsardom of Russia Russian Empireco-developer of rebar, cast iron cupola, lightning rod (all found in the Leaning Tower of Nevyansk)Rebars inside the Leaning Tower of Nevyansk.
Yuri Denisyuk (1927–2006) Soviet Union Russian Federation3D holographyDenisyuk holography scheme
Aleksandr Dianin (1851–1918) Russian EmpireBisphenol A, Dianin's compoundBisphenol A formula
Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky (1862–1919) Russian Empire (Poland, Germany)three-phase electric power (first 3-phase hydroelectric power plant, 3-phase electrical generator, 3-phase motor and 3-phase transformer)3-phase electrical generator on exhibition in Frankfurt,1891
Nikolay Dollezhal (1899–2000) Russian Empire Soviet Union Russian FederationAM-1 reactor for the first nuclear power plant and other RBMK-type reactors, pressurized water reactor (VVER)VVER-1000 nuclear reactor
Alexey Dushkin (1904–1977) Russian Empire Soviet Uniondeep column station

E

PortraitPersonInventionsImage
Ivan Elmanov Russian Empirefirst monorail (the so-called "Road on Pillars" near Moscow, with horse-drawn carriages)Modern Moscow monorail

F

PortraitPersonInventionsImage
Peter Carl Fabergé (1846–1920) Russian EmpireFabergé EggsMemory of Azov Egg
Nicolas Florine (1891–1972) Russian Empire Belgium (born in Georgia)first tandem rotor helicopter to fly freelyA modern tandem rotor helicopter
Ivan Fyodorov (c. 1510–1583) Grand Duchy of Moscow Tsardom of Russia Poland-Lithuaniainvented multibarreled mortar, introduced printing in RussiaFedorov depicted in his typography
Svyatoslav Fyodorov (1927–2000) Soviet Union Russian Federationradial keratotomy
Vladimir Fyodorov (1874–1966) Russian Empire Soviet UnionFedorov Avtomat (first self-loading battle rifle, arguably the first assault rifle)

G

PortraitPersonInventionsImage
Yakov Modestovich Gakkel (1874–1945) Russian Empire Soviet Unionfirst Russian-made aircraft and diesel locomotivesThe Gakkel-VII
Boris Borisovich Galitzine (1862–1916) Russian Empireelectromagnetic seismographAn electric seismograph
Dmitri Garbuzov (1940–2006) Soviet Union Russian Federation United Statescontinuous-wave-operating diode lasers (together with Zhores Alferov), high-power diode lasersLaser diode array
Georgy Gause (1910–1986) Russian Empire Soviet Uniongramicidin S, neomycin, lincomycin and other antibioticsGramicidin S formula
E. K. Gauzen Russian Empirethree bolt equipment (early diving costume)A Soviet diving helmet
Andrey Geim (born 1958) Soviet Union United KingdomgrapheneGraphene
Nestor Genko (1839–1904) Russian EmpireGenko's Forest Belt (the first large-scale windbreak system)
Valentyn Glushko (1908–1989) Russian Empire Soviet Unionhypergolic propellant, electric propulsion, Soviet rocket engines (including world's most powerful liquid-fuel rocket engine RD-170)RD-170 rocket engine model
Leonid Gobyato (1875–1915) Russian Empirefirst modern man-portable mortarGobyato's mortar
Igor Gorynin (1926–2015) Soviet Union Russian Federationweldable titanium alloys, high strength aluminium alloys, radiation-hardened steelsTitanium
Boris Grabovsky (1901–1966) Russian Empire Soviet Unioncathode commutator, an early electronic TV pickup tubeA modern cathode ray tube
Mikhail Gurevich (1893–1976) Russian Empire Soviet Union (left on photo)MiG-series fighter aircraft, including world's most produced jet aircraft MiG-15 and most produced supersonic aircraft MiG-21 (together with Artem Mikoyan)MiG-21

H

PortraitPersonInventionsImage
Waldemar Haffkine (1860–1930) Russian Empire Switzerlanddeveloped and used first vaccines against cholera and bubonic plagueAn injection of anti-plague vaccine

I

PortraitPersonInventionsImage
Gavriil Ilizarov (1921–1992) Soviet Union Russian FederationIlizarov apparatus, external fixation, distraction osteogenesisIlizarov apparatus
Sergey Ilyushin (1894–1977) Russian Empire Soviet UnionIl-series fighter aircraft, including Ilyushin Il-2 bomber (the most produced military aircraft in history)
Aleksei Isaev (1908–1971) Russian Empire Soviet Union (second left on photo)first rocket-powered fighter aircraft, BI-1 (together with Bereznyak)BI-1
Isidore Grand Duchy of MoscowRussian vodka
Vladislav Ivanov (1936–2007) Soviet Union Russian FederationPioneer of Magnetic resonance imagingMRI

J

PortraitPersonInventionsImage
Boris Jacobi (1801–1874) Prussia Russian Empireelectrotyping (an application of electroplating to typography), electric boatEarly electroplating

K

PortraitPersonInventionsImage
Mikhail Kalashnikov (1919–2013) Soviet Union Russian FederationAK-47 and AK-74 assault rifles (produced more than all other types of assault rifles combined)AK-47
Nikolay Kamov (1902–1973) Russian Empire Soviet Unionarmored military autogyro, Ka-series coaxial rotor helicopters
Pyotr Kapitsa (1894–1984) Russian Empire Soviet Union (left on portrait by Boris Kustodiev, with Nikolay Semyonov right)first ultrastrong magnetic field creating techniques, basic low-temperature physics inventionsThe liquid helium in the superfluid phase
Georgii Karpechenko (1899–1941) Russian Empire Soviet Unionrabbage (the first ever non-sterile hybrid obtained through the crossbreeding)Radish and cabbage
Eugene Kaspersky (born 1965) Soviet Union Russian FederationKaspersky Anti-Virus, Kaspersky Internet Security, Kaspersky Mobile Security anti-virus productsKaspersky Anti-Virus Logo
Adolphe Kégresse (1879–1943) France Russian EmpireKégresse track (first half-track and first off-road vehicle with continuous track), dual-clutch transmissionNicholas II Packard Twin-6 with Kégresse track
Alexander Kemurdzhian (1921–2003) Soviet Union Russian Federationfirst space exploration rover (Lunokhod)
Yulii Khariton (1904–1996) Russian Empire Soviet Union Russian Federationchief designer of the Soviet atomic bomb, co-developer of the Tsar Bomba
Anatoly Kharlampiyev (1906–1979) Russian Empire Soviet UnionSambo (martial art)
Konstantin Khrenov (1894–1984) Russian Empire Soviet Unionunderwater welding[citation needed]A modern underwater welding
Nikolai Kibalchich (1853–1881) Russian Empirepioneer of rocketryA Soyuz-U, at Baikonur Site 1/5
Semyon Kirlian (1898–1978) Russian Empire Soviet UnionKirlian photographyKirlian photo of two coins
Konstantin Konstantinov (1817/19–1871) Russian Empiredevice for measuring flight speed of projectiles, ballistic rocket pendulum, launch pad, rocket-making machineTrajectory of a bullet
Sergei Korolev (1907–1966) Russian Empire Soviet Unionfirst successful intercontinental ballistic missile (R-7 Semyorka), R-7 rocket family, Sputniks (including the first Earth-orbiting artificial satellite), Vostok programme (including the first human spaceflight)Vostok spacecraft model
Nikolai Korotkov (1874–1920) Russian Empireauscultatory technique for blood pressure measurementAneroid sphygmomanometer with stethoscope
Semyon Korsakov (1787–1853) Russian Empirepunched card for information storageKorsakov's linear homeoscope
Mikhail Koshkin (1898–1940) Russian Empire Soviet UnionT-34 medium tank, the most produced tank of World War IIT-34
Ogneslav Stepanovich Kostovich (1851–1916) Serbia Russian Empirearborite (high-strength plywood)Plywood
Gleb Kotelnikov (1872–1944) Russian Empire Soviet Unionknapsack parachute, drogue parachuteA modern knapsack parachute packed
Aleksey Krylov (1863–1945) Russian Empire Soviet Uniongyroscopic damping of shipsGyroscope
Ivan Kulibin (1735–1818) Russian Empireegg-shaped clock, candle searchlight, elevator using screw mechanisms, self-rolling carriage (for the first time featuring a flywheel, brake, gear box, and bearing), an early optical telegraphKulibin's project of the one-arch bridge over Neva River.
Igor Kurchatov (1903–1960) Russian Empire Soviet Unionfirst nuclear power plant, first nuclear reactors for submarines and surface shipsObninsk nuclear plant

L

PortraitPersonInventionsImage
Dmitry Lachinov (1842–1902) Russian Empiremercury pump, economizer for electricity consumption, electrical insulation tester, optical dynamometer, photometer, electrolyserThe details of electrical insulation tester depicted in a Lachinov's book
Semyon Lavochkin (1900–1960) Russian Empire Soviet UnionLa-series aircraft, the first operational surface-to-air missile S-25 BerkutLavochkin La-7
Nikolai Lebedenko Russian EmpireTsar Tank, the largest armored vehicle in historyTsar Tank
Sergei Lebedev (1874–1934) Russian Empire Soviet Unioncommercially viable synthetic rubberSynthetic rubber making
Lisitsyns, Ivan Fyodorovich and his brother Nazar Fyodorovich Russian EmpireRussian samovarA typical samovar
Alexander Lodygin (1847–1923) Russian Empire United Stateselectrical filament, incandescent light bulb with tungsten filamentLodygin's lamp draw
Mikhail Lomonosov (1711–1765) Tsardom of Russia Russian Empirenight vision telescope, off-axis reflecting telescope, coaxial rotor, original Russian hard-paste porcelain (together with Dmitry Vinogradov), re-discovery of smaltLomonosov's drawings for his discovery of Venus atmosphere
Yury Lomonosov (1876–1952) Russian Empire Soviet Union United Kingdomfirst successful mainline diesel locomotiveThe Юэ 001 locomotive
Aleksandr Loran (1849 – after 1911) Russian Empirefire fighting foam, foam extinguisherModern usage of fire fighting foam.
Oleg Losev (1903–1942) Russian Empire Soviet Unionlight-emitting diode, crystadineRed, green and blue LEDs
Gleb Lozino-Lozinskiy (1909–2001) Russian Empire Soviet Union Russian FederationBuran (spacecraft), Spiral projectBuran carried by the An-225
Arkhip Lyulka (1908–1984) Russian Empire Soviet Unionfirst double jet turbofan engine, other Soviet aircraft enginesSaturn AL-31

M

PortraitPersonInventionsImage
Aleksandr Makarov (born 1966) Soviet Union Russian Federation GermanyorbitrapIon trajectories in an Orbitrap
Stepan Makarov (1849–1904) Russian EmpireIcebreaker Yermak, the first true icebreaker able to ride over and crush pack iceIcebreaker Yermak on the Baltic Sea before 1917
Nestor Makhno (1888–1934) Russian Empire France (Ukraine)tachanka
Victor Makeev (1924–1985) Russian Empire Soviet Unionfirst intercontinental submarine-launched ballistic missileScheme of R-27 missile of Makeev
Dmitri Maksutov (1896–1964) Russian Empire Soviet UnionMaksutov telescopeMaksutov-Cassegrain telescope.
Sergey Malyutin (1859–1937) Russian Empire Soviet Union (self-portrait)matryoshka doll (together with craftsman Vasily Zvyozdochkin)Original matryoshka doll by Malyutin and Zvyozdochkin
Boris Mamyrin (1919–2007) Soviet Union Russian Federationreflectron (ion mirror)Reflectron mass spectrometer
Ilya Mechnikov (1845–1916) Russian Empire Franceprobiotics
Dmitri Mendeleev (1834–1907) Russian EmpirePeriodic table, a type of pycnometer, pyrocollodion, co-developer of Icebreaker Yermak, also credited with determining the ideal vodka proof as 38% (later rounded to 40%)Periodic table from Mendeleev's book
Artem Mikoyan (1905–1970) Russian Empire Soviet Union (Armenia) (right on photo)MiG-series fighter aircraft, including world's most produced jet aircraft MiG-15 and most produced supersonic aircraft MiG-21 (together with Mikhail Gurevich)MiG-15
Alexander Mikulin (1895–1985) Russian Empire Soviet UnionMikulin AM-34 and other Soviet aircraft engines, co-developer of the Tsar TankMikulin and his staff presenting Mikulin AM-34
Mikhail Mil (1909–1970) Russian Empire Soviet UnionMi-series helicopter aircraft, including Mil Mi-8 (the world's most-produced helicopter) and Mil Mi-12 (the world's largest helicopter)Mil Mi-8
Pavel Molchanov (1893–1941) Russian Empire Soviet Unionradiosonde
Alexander Morozov (1904–1979) Russian Empire Soviet UnionT-54/55 (the most produced tank in history), co-developer of T-34T-54/55 main battle tank
Sergei Mosin (1849–1902) Russian EmpireMosin–Nagant rifle, one of the most produced everMosin–Nagants
Motorins, Ivan Feodorovich (1660s – 1735) and his son Mikhail Ivanovich (?–1750) Tsardom of Russia Russian EmpireTsar Bell, the largest bell in the worldThe Tsar Bell
Vera Mukhina (1889–1953) Russian Empire Soviet Unionwelded sculptureWorker and Kolkhoz Woman, the first welded sculpture
Yevgeny Murzin (1914–1970) Russian Empire Soviet UnionANS synthesizerANS synthesizer

N

PortraitPersonInventionsImage
Alexander Nadiradze (1914–1987) Russian Empire Soviet Union (born in Georgia)First meteorological missile "M1-Meteo". First mobile ICBM (RT-21 Temp 2S), also RSD-10 Pioneer and (RT-2PM Topol)RT-2PM Topol
Andrey Nartov (1683–1756) Tsardom of Russia Russian Empirefirst lathe with a mechanic cutting tool-supporting carriage and a set of gears, fast-fire battery on a rotating disc, screw mechanism for changing the artillery fire angle, gauge-boring lathe for cannon-making, early telescopic sightAn old lathe (b marks the carriage)
Sergey Nepobedimiy (1921–2014) Soviet Union Russian Federationfirst supersonic anti-tank guided missile Sturm, other Soviet rocket weaponryStrela 2 surface-to-air missile
Nikolai Nikitin (1907–1973) Russian Empire Soviet Unionprestressed concrete with wire ropes structure (Ostankino Tower, The Motherland Calls), Nikitin-Travush 4000 project (precursor to X-Seed 4000)Ostankino Tower (on the left)
Ludvig Nobel (1831–1888) Sweden Russian Empirefirst successful oil tankerA modern oil tanker
Konstantin Novoselov (born 1974) Soviet Union Russian Federation United Kingdomgraphene (youngest Nobel Laureate since 1973)Graphene

O

PortraitPersonInventionsImage
Theophil Wilgodt Odhner (1845–1903) Sweden Russian Empirethe Odhner Arithmometer (a mechanical pinwheel calculator)Odhner Arithmometer
Lucien Olivier (1838–1883) Russian Empire (Belgian or French origin)Russian salad (Olivier salad)Russian salad

P

PortraitPersonInventionsImage
Alexey Pajitnov (born 1956) Soviet Union United StatesTetrisTetris figures
Ivan Pavlov (1849–1936) Russian Empire Soviet Unionclassical conditioningOne of the Pavlov’s dogs with an implanted cannula.
Vasily Petrov (1761–1834) Russian Empirecontinuous electric arc, arc weldingElectric arc
Nikolay Pirogov (1810–1881) Russian Empireearly use of ether as anaesthetic, first anaesthesia in a field operation, various kinds of surgical operationsDiethyl ether
Fyodor Pirotsky (1845–1898) Russian Empireelectric tramMiller's line where Pirotsky's tram was tested
Ivan Plotnikov (1902–1995) Russian Empire Soviet Union Russian Federationkirza leatherKirza boots.
Nikolai Polikarpov (1892–1944) Russian Empire Soviet UnionPo-series aircraft, including Polikarpov Po-2 Kukuruznik (world's most produced biplane)Polikarpov Po-2
Ivan Polzunov (1728–1766) Russian Empirefirst two-cylinder steam enginePolzunov's steam engine
Mikhail Pomortsev (1851–1916) Russian EmpirenephoscopeNephoscope measures the parameters of clouds
Alexander Popov (1859–1906) Russian Empirebuilt an early radio receiver in the form of a lightning detector, eastern European countries claim he is the "inventor of radio"Popov and his radio
Nikolay Popov (1931–2008) Soviet Union Russian Federationfirst fully gas turbine main battle tank (T-80)T-80 main battle tank
Aleksandr Porokhovschikov (1892 – c. 1942) Russian Empire Soviet UnionVezdekhod (the first prototype tank, or tankette, and the first continuous track amphibious ATV)Vezdekhod tank in 1915
Alexander Procofieff de Seversky (1894–1974) Russian Empire United Statesionocraft, first gyroscopically stabilized bombsight, also developed air-to-air refuelingModern air-to-air refueling
Alexander Prokhorov (1916–2002) Russian Empire Soviet Union Russian Federationco-inventor of laser and maserLaser beams
Petro Prokopovych (1775–1850) Russian Empire (Ukraine)beehive frame, queen excluder and other beekeeping noveltiesA shallow super frame filled with honey
Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky (1863–1944) Russian Empire Franceearly colour photography method based on three colour channels, also colour film slides and colour motion picturesProkudin-Gorsky's method

R

PortraitPersonInventionsImage
Leonid Ramzin (1887–1948) Russian Empire Soviet Unionstraight-flow boiler (Ramzin boiler)
Peter I of Russia (Romanov) (1672–1725) Tsardom of Russia Russian Empiredecimal currency, yacht club, sounding line with separating plummet (sounding weight probe)Sounding line throwing
Ida Rosenthal (1886–1973) Russian Empire United States (born in Belarus, Jewish descent)modern brassiere (Maidenform), the standard of cup sizes, nursing bra, full-figured bra, the first seamed uplift bra (all with her husband William)A modern brassiere
Boris Rosing (1869–1933) Russian Empire Soviet UnionCRT television (first TV system using cathode ray tube on the receiving side)A modern cathode ray tube
Eugene Roshal (born 1972) Soviet Union Russian FederationFAR file manager, RAR file format, WinRAR file archiverFAR Manager screenshot

S

PortraitPersonInventionsImage
Alexander Sablukov (1783–1857) Russian Empirecentrifugal fanComponents of a centrifugal fan
Andrei Sakharov (1921–1989) Soviet Unionexplosively pumped flux compression generator, co-developer of the Tsar Bomb, co-developer of tokamakHollow tube generator
Franz San Galli (1824–1908) Russian Empire (Italian and German descent, born in Poland)radiator, modern central heatingA household radiator
Pavel Schilling (1780–1836) Russian Empire (Estonia)shielded cable, electric mine and electromagnetic telegraphCooke and Wheatstone's telegraph, inspired by Schilling's one
Guy Severin (1926–2008) Soviet Union Russian Federationextra-vehicular activity supporting system
Leonty Shamshurenkov (1687–1758) Tsardom of Russia Russian Empirea device for lifting the Tsar Bell, the first self-propelling carriage (a precursor to both bicycle and automobile), projects of an original odometer and self-propelling sledgeA reconstruction of Shamshurenkov's self-running carriage
Pyotr Shilovsky (1871 – after 1924) Russian Empire United KingdomgyrocarShilovsky's gyrocar in 1914, London
Vladimir Shukhov (1853–1939) Russian Empire Soviet Unionthermal cracking (Shukhov cracking process), thin-shell structure, tensile structure, hyperboloid structure, gridshell, modern oil pipeline, cylindric oil depotShukhov Tower in Moscow
Pyotr Shuvalov (1711–1762) Tsardom of Russia Russian Empireinvented canister shot mortar, introduced licorne into wide usageA "secret" canister shot mortar
Igor Sikorsky (1889–1972) Russian Empire United Statesfirst four-engine fixed-wing aircraft (Russky Vityaz), first airliner and purpose-designed bomber (Ilya Muromets), modern helicopter, Sikorsky-series helicoptersSikorsky Skycrane carrying a house
Vladimir Simonov (1935–2020) Soviet Union Russian FederationAPS Underwater Assault Rifle, SPP-1 underwater pistolAPS Underwater Assault Rifle
Nikolay Slavyanov (1854–1897) Russian Empireshielded metal arc weldingShielded metal arc welding
Alexander Smakula (1900–1983) Russian Empire United States (Ukraine)anti-reflective coating
Yefim Smolin Tsardom of Russia Russian Empiretable-glass (stakan granyonyi)A classic table-glass
Igor Spassky (1926–2024) Soviet Union Russian FederationSea Launch platform and over 200 nuclear submarines, including the world's largest submarines of Typhoon classSea Launch platform Ocean Odyssey
Ladislas Starevich (1882–1965) Russian Empire France (Polish descent)puppet animation, live-action/animated filmScene from The Cameraman's Revenge animation (1911)
Boris Stechkin (1891–1969) Russian Empire Soviet Unionco-developer of Sikorsky Ilya Muromets and Lebedenko's Tsar Tank, developer of many Soviet heat and aircraft enginesSikorsky Ilya Muromets
Aleksandr Stoletov (1839–1896) Russian Empirefirst solar cell based on the outer photoelectric effectA modern solar cell
Pavel Sukhoi (1895–1975) Russian Empire Soviet UnionSu-series fighter aircraft
Andrei Sychra (1773/76–1850) Russian Empire (born in Lithuania, Czech ancestry)Russian seven-string guitarRussian guitar
Vladimir Syromyatnikov (1933–2006) Soviet Union Russian FederationAndrogynous Peripheral Attach System and other spacecraft docking mechanismsThe original APAS-75 docking unit draw

T

PortraitPersonInventionsImage
Andrey Ternovskiy (born 1992) Russian Federationcreator of Chatroulette, the first random webcam chat website
Léon Theremin (1896–1993) Russian Empire Soviet Union United States Russian Federationtheremin, burglar alarm, terpsitone, Rhythmicon (first drum machine), The Thing (listening device)Etherwave Theremin
Andrey Tikhonov (1906–1993) Russian Empire Soviet Union Russian FederationmagnetotelluricsMagnetotelluric station
Mikhail Tikhonravov (1900–1974) Russian Empire Soviet Unionco-developer of Sputnik 1 (the first artificial satellite) together with Korolyov and Keldysh, designer of further SputniksSputnik 1 replica
Gavriil Tikhov (1875–1960) Russian Empire Soviet Unionfeathering spectrographScheme of a spectrograph work
Fedor Tokarev (1871–1968) Russian Empire Soviet UnionTT-33 semiautomatic handgun and SVT-40 self-loading rifle (main Soviet guns of World War II)A Soviet soldier with TT-33
Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, (1857–1935) Russian Empire Soviet Unionspaceflight (theory principles that led to numerous inventions, derived the Tsiolkovsky rocket equation)Tsiolkovsky's drawings of astronaut in space
Mikhail Tsvet (1872–1919) Russian Empirechromatography (specifically adsorption chromatography, the first chromatography method)A modern gas chromatography system
Alexei Tupolev (1925–2001) Soviet Union Russian Federationthe Tupolev Tu-144 (first supersonic passenger jet)Tupolev Tu-144
Andrei Tupolev (1888–1972) Russian Empire Soviet Unionturboprop powered long-range airliner (Tupolev Tu-114), turboprop strategic bomber (Tupolev Tu-95)Tupolev Tu-95

U

PortraitPersonInventionsImage
Vladimir Utkin (1923–2000) Soviet Union Russian Federationrailcar-launched ICBM (RT-23 Molodets), other Soviet rocketsRT-23 in the St Petersburg railway museum

V

PortraitPersonInventionsImage
Vladimir Vakhmistrov (1897–1972) Russian Empire Soviet Unionfirst bomber with a parasite aircraft (Zveno project)
Viktor Vasnetsov (1848–1926) Russian Empire Soviet Unionbudenovka military hat
Vladimir Veksler (1907–1966) Russian Empire Soviet Unionsynchrophasotron, co-inventor of synchrotronA modern synchrotron scheme

W

PortraitPersonInventionsImage
Paul Walden (1863–1957) Russian Empire Germany (born in Latvia, Baltic German descent)Walden inversion, Ethylammonium nitrate (the first room temperature ionic liquid)Ethylammonium nitrate formula

Y

PortraitPersonInventionsImage
Pavel Yablochkov (1847–1894) Russian EmpireYablochkov candle (first commercially viable electric carbon arc lamp)Yablochkov demonstrates his illumination in Paris, 1878
Alexander Yakovlev (1906–1989) Russian Empire Soviet UnionYak-series aircraft, including Yakovlev Yak-40 (the first regional jet)Yakovlev Yak-40
Vladimir Yourkevitch (1885–1964) Russian Empire France United Statesmodern ship hull designSS Normandie
Sergei Yudin (1891–1954) Russian Empire Soviet Unioncadaveric blood transfusion and other medical operationsWorld War II syringe for blood transfusion

Z

PortraitPersonInventionsImage
Ludwik Łazarz Zamenhof (1859–1917) Russian Empire (Poland)Esperanto languageFlag of Esperanto
Yevgeny Zavoisky (1907–1976) Russian Empire Soviet UnionEPR spectroscopy, co-developer of NMR spectroscopySimulated EPR spectrum of the CH3 radical.
Nikolay Zelinsky (1861–1953) Russian Empire Soviet Unionthe first effective filtering activated charcoal gas mask in the worldA modern Russian gas mask
Nikolai Zhukovsky (1847–1921) Russian Empire Russian SFSRan early wind tunnel, co-developer of the Tsar TankA modern wind tunnel
Vladimir Zvorykin (1889–1982) Russian Empire United Statespioneer of television technology Iconoscope, kinescopeZworykin's draft of a UV-microscope, similar to iconoscope
Vasily Zvyozdochkin (1876–1956) Russian Empire Soviet Unionmatryoshka doll (together with painter Sergey Malyutin)Matryoshka doll taken apart

See also