Adi shankara
Adi Shankaracharya with his four disciples - Padmapadacharya, Sureshwaracharya, Hastamalakacharya and Totakacharya.

Shankaracharya (Sanskrit: शङ्कराचार्य, IAST: Śaṅkarācārya, "Shankara-acharya") is a religious title used by the heads of amnaya monasteries called mathas in the Advaita Vedanta tradition of Hinduism. The title derives from Adi Shankara; teachers from the successive line of teachers retrospectively dated back to him are known as Shankaracharyas.

Etymology

The word Shankaracharya is composed of two parts, Shankara and Acharya. Acharya is a Sanskrit word meaning "teacher", so Shankaracharya means a "teacher in the tradition of Shankara".

Establishment of the tradition

Adi Shankara, the first Shankaracharya, set up four monasteries, known as Mathas or Peethams, in the North, South, East and West of India, to be headed by Self-realised men who would be known as Shankaracharyas. They would take on the role of teacher and could be consulted by anyone with sincere spiritual inquiries, and they would guide humanity in times of trouble and give solace. Apart from the four, another monastery, Kanchi Kamkoti Peetham in South India, is also believed to have been established by Adi Shankara. The table below gives an overview of the four main Shankaracharya Amnaya Mathas famously founded by Adi Shankara.

Shishya (lineage)DirectionMaṭhaMahāvākyaVedaSampradayaPresent Shankaracharya
PadmapādaEastPuri Govardhanmaṭha PīṭhaṃPrajñānam brahma (Consciousness is Brahman)Rig VedaBhogavalaSwami Nischalananda Saraswati
SureśvaraSouthSringeri Śārada PīṭhaṃAham brahmāsmi (I am Brahman)Yajur VedaBhurivalaSri Bharati Tirtha
HastāmalakācāryaWestDvāraka Sharada PīṭhaṃTattvamasi (That thou art)Sama VedaKitavalaSwami Sadanand Saraswati
ToṭakācāryaNorthBadari Jyotirmaṭha PīṭhaṃAyamātmānam brahma (This Atman is Brahman)Atharva VedaNandavalaSwami Avimukteshwaranand Saraswati (disputed)

Further reading

  • Mukhyananda, Swami (2006) Sri Shankaracharya: life and philosophy: An elucidative and reconciliatory interpretation, 4th ed.; OCLC ; Kolkata; Advaita Ashrama
  • Esoteric Buddhism by A.P. Sinnett, pp 81 ISBN 1438503652

See also

External links

  • by Anandmurti Gurumaa.