Short-range device
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A short-range device (SRD), described by ECC Recommendation 70-03, is a radio-frequency transmitter device used in telecommunication that has little capability of causing harmful interference to other radio equipment.
Short-range devices are low-power transmitters, typically limited to 25–100mW effective radiated power (ERP) or less, depending on the frequency band, which limits their useful range to a few hundred meters, which do not require licenses to use.
Short-range wireless technologies include Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, NearLink, near-field communication (NFC), LPWAN, ultra-wideband (UWB) and IEEE 802.15.4. They are implemented by chips fabricated as RF CMOS integrated circuit (RF circuit). As of 2009[update], short-range wireless chips ship approximately 1.7billion units annually, with Bluetooth accounting for over 55% of shipments and Wi-Fi around 35% of shipments.
Applications for short-range wireless devices include power meters and other remote instrumentation, RFID applications, radio-controlled models, fire, security and social alarms, vehicle radars, wireless microphones and earphones, traffic signs and signals (including control signals), remote garage door openers and car keys, barcode readers, motion detectors, and many others.
The European Commission mandates through CEPT and ETSI the allocation of several device bands for these purposes, restricts the parameters of their use, and provides guidelines for avoiding radio interference.
Frequency bands
According to ECC Rec. 70-03, there are several annexes which encapsulate specific usage patterns, maximum emission power and duty cycle requirements.
| Frequency | Band | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Annex 1. Non-specific short-range devices | ||
| 6765–6795kHz | ISM | |
| 13.553–13.567MHz | ISM | RFID |
| 26.957–27.283MHz | ISM | Citizens' Band |
| 40.660–40.700MHz | ISM | |
| 138.20–138.45MHz | ||
| 433.050–434.790MHz | ISM | LPD433 (70-centimeter band); also an Amateur Radio band |
| 863–870MHz | ISM | SRD860 |
| 915–928MHz | ISM | SRD860 |
| 2400.0–2483.5MHz | ISM | 13-centimeter band Heavily used by Wi-Fi; also an Amateur Radio band (Up to 2450 MHz) |
| 5725–5875MHz | ISM | 5-centimeter band; also an Amateur Radio band (Up to 5850 MHz) |
| 24.00–24.25GHz | ISM | 1.2-centimeter band; also an Amateur Radio band |
| 61.0–61.5GHz | ISM | |
| 122–123GHz | ISM | 2.5-millimeter band; also an Amateur Radio band |
| 244–246GHz | ISM | 1-millimeter band; also an Amateur Radio band |
| 3.1–4.8THz | ||
| 6–9THz | ||
| Annex 2. Tracking, tracing and data acquisition | ||
| 456.9–457.1kHz | Detection of avalanche victims | |
| 169.4–169.475MHz | Remote meter reading | |
| 169.4–169.475MHz | Asset tracking and tracing | |
| Annex 3. Wideband data transmission systems | ||
| 2400.0–2483.5MHz | ISM | Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc. |
| 57–66GHz | V | WiGig, WirelessHD, etc. |
| Annex 4. Railway applications | ||
| 2446–2454MHz | Automatic vehicle identification systems for railways | |
| 27.090–27.100MHz | Balise tele-powering and down-link (train to ground) systems | |
| 984–7484kHz | Balise up-link (ground to train) systems | |
| 7.3–23.0MHz | Loop up-link (ground to train) systems | |
| Annex 5. Road transport and traffic telematics (RTTT) | ||
| 5795–5805MHz 5805-5815MHz | C | |
| 63–64GHz | V | Vehicle to vehicle and road to vehicle systems |
| 76–77GHz | W | Vehicle radar and infrastructure radar systems |
| 21.65–26.65GHz | K | Automotive short range radars (SRR) (marketed until July 2013) |
| 77–81GHz | W | Automotive short range radars (SRR) |
| 24.050–24.075GHz 24.075–24.150GHz 24.150–24.250GHz | ISM | Vehicle radars |
| Annex 6. Radiodetermination applications | ||
| 2400.0–2483.5 | ISM | |
| 9200–9500MHz 9500–9975MHz | ||
| 10.5–10.6GHz | ||
| 13.4–14.0GHz | ||
| 24.05–24.25GHz | ISM | |
| 4.5–7.0GHz | Tank level probing radar (TLPR) | |
| 8.5–10.6GHz | Tank level probing radar (TLPR) | |
| 24.05–27.00GHz | Tank level probing radar (TLPR) | |
| 57–64GHz | Tank level probing radar (TLPR) | |
| 75–85GHz | Tank level probing radar (TLPR) | |
| 17.1–17.3GHz | Ground-based synthetic aperture radar | |
| Annex 7. Alarms | ||
| 868.6–868.7MHz | ||
| 869.250–869.300MHz | ||
| 869.650–869.700MHz | ||
| 869.200–869.250MHz | ||
| 869.300–869.400MHz | ||
| 169.4750–169.4875MHz | Social alarms (exclusive use) | |
| 169.5875–169.6000MHz | Social alarms (exclusive use) | |
| Annex 8. Model control | ||
| 26.995, 27.045, 27.095, 27.145, 27.195MHz | ||
| 34.995–35.225MHz | Only for flying models | |
| 40.665, 40.675, 40.685, 40.695MHz | ||
| Annex 9. Inductive applications | ||
| Annex 10. Radio microphone applications including aids for the hearing impaired | ||
| 29.7–47.0MHz | except 30.3–30.5MHz, 32.15–32.45MHz and 41.015–47.00MHz (harmonised military bands) | |
| 173.965–174.015 | Aids for the hearing impaired | |
| 863–865MHz | Individual licence required | |
| 470–786MHz | Individual licence required | |
| 786–789MHz | Individual licence required | |
| 823–826MHz 826–832MHz | Individual licence required | |
| 1785–1795MHz 1795–1800MHz | Individual licence required | |
| 169.4000–169.4750MHz | Aids for the hearing impaired. Individual licence may be required | |
| 169.4875–169.5875MHz | Aids for the hearing impaired. Individual licence may be required | |
| Annex 11. Radio frequency identification applications | ||
| 2446–2454MHz 2446–2454MHz | ||
| 865.0–865.6MHz 865.6–867.6MHz 867.6–868.0MHz | ||
| Annex 12. Active medical implants and their associated peripherals | ||
| Annex 13. Wireless audio applications | ||
| 863–865MHz 864.8–865.0 | SRD860 | |
| 1795–1800MHz | ||
| 87.5–108.0MHz | FM |
SRD860
In Europe, 863 to 870 MHz band has been allocated for license-free operation using FHSS, DSSS, or analog modulation with either a transmission duty cycle of 0.1%, 1% or 10% depending on the band, or Listen Before Talk (LBT) with Adaptive Frequency Agility (AFA). Although this band falls under the Short Range Device umbrella, it is being used in Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) wireless telecommunication networks, designed to allow long-range communications at a low bit rate among things (connected objects).
| Frequency | Duty cycle | Channel spacing | ERP |
|---|---|---|---|
| 863.0–865.0MHz | 100% (wireless audio) | 10mW | |
| 863.0–865.6MHz | 0.1% or LBT+AFA | 25mW | |
| 863.0–868.0MHz * | 25mW wideband up to 1MHz (data only) | ||
| 865.0–868.0MHz | 1% or LBT+AFA | 25mW | |
| 865.0–868.0MHz * | 0.1% or LBT+AFA | 4 frequencies | 2W (RFID only) |
| 865.0–868.0MHz * | 10% (access points), 2.5% (other devices) | 4 frequencies | 500mW (data only, power control required) |
| 868.0–868.6MHz | 1% or LBT+AFA | 25mW | |
| 868.6–868.7MHz | 1% (alarms) | 25kHz | 10mW |
| 868.7–869.2MHz | 0.1% or LBT+AFA | 25mW | |
| 869.2–869.25MHz | 0.1% (social alarms) | 25kHz | 10mW |
| 869.25–869.3MHz | 0.1% (alarms) | 25kHz | 10mW |
| 869.3–869.4MHz | 1% (alarms) | 25kHz | 10mW |
| 869.4–869.65MHz | 10% or LBT+AFA | 25kHz | 500mW |
| 869.65–869.7MHz | 10% (alarms) | 25kHz | 25mW |
| 869.7–870.0MHz | 100% (voice communication) | 5mW | |
| 1% or LBT+AFA | 25mW |
(* = as of 1 January 2018)
As of December2011[update], unrestricted voice communications are allowed in the 869.7-870.0MHz band with channel spacing of 25kHz or less and maximum power output of 5mW ERP.
SRD860 handheld transceivers were briefly available in mid 2000s, however they did not offer dual-band compatibility with PMR446 and LPD433 bands. As of 2012[update], they have been put off-market.
From January 2018, the four RFID frequencies are also available for data networks, with a power up to 500mW and a bandwidth of 200 kHz. The center frequencies are: 865.7, 866.3, 866.9 and 867.5 MHz. Specific restrictions on usage apply, such as a low duty cycle, LBT (listen before transmit) and APC (adaptive power control).
See also
External links
- .
- .
- . ETSI.org.
- . CEPT.org.