Solar eclipse of April 16, 1874
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A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Thursday, April 16, 1874, with a magnitude of 1.0569. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 16 hours after perigee (on April 15, 1874, at 22:45 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.
The path of totality was visible from parts of modern-day southern Namibia, South Africa, and Lesotho. A partial solar eclipse was also visible for parts of southern South America, Antarctica, Southern Africa, and Central Africa.
Observations
Eclipse details
Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the Moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.
| Event | Time (UTC) |
|---|---|
| First Penumbral External Contact | 1874 April 16 at 11:48:36.3 UTC |
| First Umbral External Contact | 1874 April 16 at 13:02:40.7 UTC |
| First Central Line | 1874 April 16 at 13:04:57.8 UTC |
| First Umbral Internal Contact | 1874 April 16 at 13:07:19.0 UTC |
| Equatorial Conjunction | 1874 April 16 at 13:17:18.5 UTC |
| Ecliptic Conjunction | 1874 April 16 at 13:52:28.7 UTC |
| Greatest Eclipse | 1874 April 16 at 14:00:52.7 UTC |
| Greatest Duration | 1874 April 16 at 14:01:57.1 UTC |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact | 1874 April 16 at 14:54:54.7 UTC |
| Last Central Line | 1874 April 16 at 14:57:14.8 UTC |
| Last Umbral External Contact | 1874 April 16 at 14:59:30.9 UTC |
| Last Penumbral External Contact | 1874 April 16 at 16:13:28.2 UTC |
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Eclipse Magnitude | 1.05692 |
| Eclipse Obscuration | 1.11707 |
| Gamma | −0.83637 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 01h37m54.7s |
| Sun Declination | +10°11'33.9" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 15'55.5" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.8" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 01h39m28.1s |
| Moon Declination | +09°25'57.8" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 16'40.8" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 1°01'12.9" |
| ΔT | -2.8 s |
Eclipse season
This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
| April 16, 1874 Ascending node (new moon) | May 1 Descending node (full moon) |
|---|---|
| Total solar eclipse Solar Saros 117 | Partial lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 129 |
Related eclipses
Eclipses in 1874
- A total solar eclipse on April 16.
- A partial lunar eclipse on May 1.
- An annular solar eclipse on October 10.
- A total lunar eclipse on October 25.
Metonic
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of June 28, 1870
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of February 2, 1878
Tzolkinex
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of March 6, 1867
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of May 27, 1881
Half-Saros
- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of April 11, 1865
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of April 22, 1883
Tritos
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of May 17, 1863
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of March 16, 1885
Solar Saros 117
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of April 5, 1856
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of April 26, 1892
Inex
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of May 6, 1845
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of March 29, 1903
Triad
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of June 15, 1787
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of February 15, 1961
Solar eclipses of 1874–1877
This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.
The partial solar eclipse on August 9, 1877 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.
| Solar eclipse series sets from 1874 to 1877 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ascending node | Descending node | ||||
| Saros | Map | Gamma | Saros | Map | Gamma |
| 117 | April 16, 1874 Total | −0.8364 | 122 | October 10, 1874 Annular | 0.9889 |
| 127 | April 6, 1875 Total | −0.1292 | 132 | September 29, 1875 Annular | 0.2427 |
| 137 | March 25, 1876 Annular | 0.6142 | 142 | September 17, 1876 Total | −0.5054 |
| 147 | March 15, 1877 Partial | 1.3924 | 152 | September 7, 1877 Partial | −1.1985 |
Saros 117
This eclipse is a part of Saros series 117, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on June 24, 792 AD. It contains annular eclipses from September 18, 936 AD through May 14, 1333; hybrid eclipses from May 25, 1351 through July 8, 1423; and total eclipses from July 18, 1441 through May 19, 1928. The series ends at member 71 as a partial eclipse on August 3, 2054. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 16 at 9 minutes, 26 seconds on December 3, 1062, and the longest duration of totality was produced by member 62 at 4 minutes, 19 seconds on April 26, 1892. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.
| Series members 57–71 occur between 1801 and 2054: | ||
|---|---|---|
| 57 | 58 | 59 |
| March 4, 1802 | March 14, 1820 | March 25, 1838 |
| 60 | 61 | 62 |
| April 5, 1856 | April 16, 1874 | April 26, 1892 |
| 63 | 64 | 65 |
| May 9, 1910 | May 19, 1928 | May 30, 1946 |
| 66 | 67 | 68 |
| June 10, 1964 | June 21, 1982 | July 1, 2000 |
| 69 | 70 | 71 |
| July 13, 2018 | July 23, 2036 | August 3, 2054 |
Metonic series
The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.
| 23 eclipse events between February 3, 1859 and June 29, 1946 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| February 1–3 | November 21–22 | September 8–10 | June 28–29 | April 16–18 |
| 109 | 111 | 113 | 115 | 117 |
| February 3, 1859 | November 21, 1862 | June 28, 1870 | April 16, 1874 | |
| 119 | 121 | 123 | 125 | 127 |
| February 2, 1878 | November 21, 1881 | September 8, 1885 | June 28, 1889 | April 16, 1893 |
| 129 | 131 | 133 | 135 | 137 |
| February 1, 1897 | November 22, 1900 | September 9, 1904 | June 28, 1908 | April 17, 1912 |
| 139 | 141 | 143 | 145 | 147 |
| February 3, 1916 | November 22, 1919 | September 10, 1923 | June 29, 1927 | April 18, 1931 |
| 149 | 151 | 153 | 155 | |
| February 3, 1935 | November 21, 1938 | September 10, 1942 | June 29, 1946 |
Tritos series
This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Series members between 1801 and 2200 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| October 19, 1808 (Saros 111) | September 19, 1819 (Saros 112) | August 18, 1830 (Saros 113) | July 18, 1841 (Saros 114) | June 17, 1852 (Saros 115) |
| May 17, 1863 (Saros 116) | April 16, 1874 (Saros 117) | March 16, 1885 (Saros 118) | February 13, 1896 (Saros 119) | January 14, 1907 (Saros 120) |
| December 14, 1917 (Saros 121) | November 12, 1928 (Saros 122) | October 12, 1939 (Saros 123) | September 12, 1950 (Saros 124) | August 11, 1961 (Saros 125) |
| July 10, 1972 (Saros 126) | June 11, 1983 (Saros 127) | May 10, 1994 (Saros 128) | April 8, 2005 (Saros 129) | March 9, 2016 (Saros 130) |
| February 6, 2027 (Saros 131) | January 5, 2038 (Saros 132) | December 5, 2048 (Saros 133) | November 5, 2059 (Saros 134) | October 4, 2070 (Saros 135) |
| September 3, 2081 (Saros 136) | August 3, 2092 (Saros 137) | July 4, 2103 (Saros 138) | June 3, 2114 (Saros 139) | May 3, 2125 (Saros 140) |
| April 1, 2136 (Saros 141) | March 2, 2147 (Saros 142) | January 30, 2158 (Saros 143) | December 29, 2168 (Saros 144) | November 28, 2179 (Saros 145) |
| October 29, 2190 (Saros 146) |
Inex series
This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Series members between 1801 and 2200 | ||
|---|---|---|
| May 27, 1816 (Saros 115) | May 6, 1845 (Saros 116) | April 16, 1874 (Saros 117) |
| March 29, 1903 (Saros 118) | March 7, 1932 (Saros 119) | February 15, 1961 (Saros 120) |
| January 26, 1990 (Saros 121) | January 6, 2019 (Saros 122) | December 16, 2047 (Saros 123) |
| November 26, 2076 (Saros 124) | November 6, 2105 (Saros 125) | October 17, 2134 (Saros 126) |
| September 28, 2163 (Saros 127) | September 6, 2192 (Saros 128) |
- Mabel Loomis Todd (1900). . Little, Brown.