The Temnikov Principality or Tümen Principality (Tatar: Төмән ханлыгы, romanized:Tömän xanlığı, Italian: Tartari di Mordua, lit.'Mordvin Tatars'), also known as or the Bekhanid Principality of Tümen was a Mishar and Moksha principality in Eastern Mishar Yurt (Temnikovsky and Kadomsky Uyezds). The state was closely allied with the Grand Duchy of Moscow.

Etymology

Tatar: Төмән ханлыгы, romanized:Tömän xanlığı and Church Slavonic: темник means tümen commander and refers to the city founder Prince Tenish Kugushev or his immediate ancestors. Other scholars M. Safargaliev, P. Chermensky consider Temnikov second one in importance ulus centre after Mukhsha since the etymology of the placename itself points at Golden Horde tümen commander's headquarters.

History

The principality was established by Prince Bekhan in 1388. The principality later expanded and comprised territories between Oka-Tsena-Sura interfluve in Northern, Western and Eastern Mokshaland. Temnikov, Kadom, Sacony and Andreev townlet had been destroyed during the period of Muscovy and Ryazan Principality raids in the first decades of the 15th century and later rebuilt in new sites. It was confirmed by archeological findings in the 1960s.

Genetics

Members at Family TreeDNA tracing royal descent to Prince Bekhan of the Temnikov Principality, are grouped as (07 Tatar Princes – Bekhanids) in the Russian Nobility DNA project. All members belong to Y-haplogroup J2b-L283 > Y12000.

Tümen Princes

Mentioned in Russian sources as Mordvin Princes

Administration

The Principality was divided into belyaks.

Population

The land was inhabited mainly by Mokshas, Mishars and Erzyas. Some Burtases resettled to Northern Mokshaland, and would be mentioned in later Russian documents as Posop Tatars since they served as the prince's army bread suppliers and paid bread tax.

See also

Sources

  • Akchurin, Maksum; Isheev, Mullanur (2017), "Temnikov: The Town of a Tümen Commander. The History of Towns of The "Mordovian Peripheries" In The 15th–16th centuries", Golden Horde Review, 5 (3), Kazan: 629–658, doi:
  • Akchurin, Maksum (2012), , Kazan: Ethnological Research in Tatarstan. Sh.Marjani Institute of History of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences Publ.
  • Belyakov, А.V.; Yengalycheva, G.A. (2014). [Temnikov Principality in 16th–17th century sources]. Medieval Turkic-Tatar States (in Russian) (6).
  • Bikkinin, Irek. . Tatar Gazette. Archived from on 8 November 2018.
  • Kuznetsov, Stefan (1912), Russkaya istoricheskaya geografiya. Mordva, Book on Demand Ltd, ISBN 5-518-06684-8 {{citation}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  • Belyakov, Andrey (12 March 2013), , Saint-Petersburg{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Fedorov-Davydov, German; Tsirkin, Aleksey (1966), Novye dannye ob Ityakovskom gorodishche v Temnikovskom r-ne Mordovskoy ASSR [New Data on the Ityakovskoe Settlement in the Temnikov District of the Mordovian ASSR]. Issledovaniya po arkheologii i etnografii Mordovskoy ASSR: Trudy Mordovskogo IYaLIE [Studies in Archaeology and Ethnography of the Mordovian ASSR: Proceedings of the Mordovian Scientific-Research Institute of Language, Literature and History] Is. 30, Saransk{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Filjushkin, Alexander (2008). Ivan the Terrible: A Military History. Frontline Books. ISBN 978-1-84832-504-3.
  • Pervushkin, Vadim; Shishlov, Sergey. . Archived from on 17 December 2005.
  • Rastoropov, A.V. (1 November 2015). . Povolzhskaya Arkheologia (in Russian). 1 (11).