The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Tabriz, capital of East Azerbaijan Province in Iran.

Prior to 15th century

One of the unearthed thumb in Blue mosque excavation site, 1500 B.C.
  • 714 BCE. – Mentioned in Assyrian King Sargon II's epigraph
  • 2nd to 7th C. BCE The earliest elements of the present Tabriz are claimed to be built either at the time of the early Sassanids in the 3rd or 4th century AD, or later in the 7th century. The Middle Persian name of the city was T'awrēš (similar in etymological roots as the name of city of Tafresh, some distance away.)
  • 8th C. CE – Tabriz Bazaar construction begins.
  • 858 CE – A devastating earthquake happened in Tabriz.
  • 1041 – A devastating earthquake happened in Tabriz.
  • 1208 – Annexed by the army of Kingdom of Georgia under command of brothers Ivane and Zakaria Mkhargrdzeli.
  • 1275 – Marco Polo traveled through Tabriz on his way to China.
  • 1298 – Sham-i Ghazan built (approximate date).
  • 1299 – City becomes Ilkhanid capital.
  • 1300 – Rab'-e Rashidi (academic center) built.
  • 1305 – Ghazaniyya (tomb) built.
  • 1311 – Masjid-i Alishah built (approximate date).
  • 1314 – Madrasa of Sayyid Hamza built.
  • 1320 – Arg of Tabriz built.
  • 1330 – Dimishqiyya built (approximate date).
  • 1340 – Masjid-i Ustad-Shagird and Alaiyya built.
  • 1358 – 1386 Tabriz, capital of the Jalayirid Sultanate
  • 1359 – City is briefly occupied by the Muzafarrids
  • 1370 – Imarat-i Shaikh Uvais built (approximate date).
  • 1385 – Tokhtamysh, Khan of the Golden Horde sacks Tabriz 1385.
  • 1386 – Timur captures Tabriz from Sultan Ahmad Jalayir. Timur's son Miran Shah rules Tabriz from 1392 to 1400. His son Mirza Umar follows (1383–1407).

15th–16th centuries

A 16th-century map of Tabriz, sketched by Matrakçı Nasuh (Ottoman polymath).
A miniature depicted of 2nd Shah of the Safavid dynasty Tahmasp I in Tabriz.
  • 1406-1410 – Sultan Ahmad Jalayir recaptured Tabriz.
  • 1406 and 1409 – Qara Yusuf of the Qara Qoyunlu enters Tabriz
  • 1410 – Qara Yusuf of the Qara Qoyunlu kills Sultan Ahmad Jalayir and captures Tabriz.
  • 1421 – The Timurid Baysunghur briefly occupied Tabriz, and takes artists back with him to Herat
  • 1465 – Blue Mosque and Muzaffariyya built.
  • 1468 – Uzun Hasan in power.
  • 1469 – City becomes part of Ak Koyunlu territory.
  • 1472 – Capital relocates to Tabriz from Amid.
  • 1475 – Masjid-i Hasan Padshah and Maqsudiyya built (approximate date).
  • 1478 – Nasiriyya built.
  • 1483 – Hasht Bihisht palace built.
  • 1500 – Population: 300,000 (approximate). The fifth most populated city in the world.
  • 1501 – Safavid Ismail I in power.
  • 1514 5 September: City taken by Ottoman Selim I. Safavids in power.
  • 1534 – Ottomans in power.
  • 1535 – Safavids in power.
  • 1548 Ottomans in power, succeeded by Safavids. Capital relocates from Tabriz to Qazvin.
  • 1555 – Persians in power per Treaty of Amasya.
  • 1571 – Uprising.
  • 1585 – Ottomans in power.

17th–18th centuries

Tauris sketched by Jean Chardin, 1673.
Sketch of Tabriz in 1690.
  • 1603 – Safavids in power.
  • 1610 – Ottomans in power.
  • 1611 – Safavids in power.
  • 1635 – City sacked by Ottoman Murad IV.
  • 1636 – Saheb-ol-Amr Mosque built.
  • 1641 – Earthquake kills thousands and destroys the city.
  • 1655 – Madrasa Sadiqiyya built.
  • 1673 – Population: 550,000.
  • 1676 – Madrasa Talibiyya built.
  • 1721 – Earthquake kills eighty thousands.
  • 1724 – Ottomans in power.
  • 1724/25 Ottoman invaders killed about 200,000 city residents.
  • 1730 – Safavids in power.
  • 1736 – City becomes part of Afshar territory.
  • 1747 – City becomes part of Khanate of Tabriz.
  • 1757 – Mohammad Hasan Khan Qajar takes city.
  • 1762 – City incorporated into Zand realm.
  • 1775 – Earthquake.
  • 1780 – 28 February: Earthquake kills about 200,000 city residents. Population: about 30,000.
  • 1785 – Qajars in power.
  • 1799 – Qajar prince Abbas Mirza appointed as the governor of the city.

19th century

20th century

1900s–1940s

Teachers of Memorial School of Tabriz, photographed in 1923.
  • 1908 – Sardar Homayun Vali Qasem appointed as Tabriz first mayor.
  • 1909 19 April: Howard Baskerville, the American teacher in Tabriz and a supporter of constitutionals, got killed in battle. 29 April: Russians Cossacks take city. 29 April: Monarchists siege of the city failed with arrival of Russian forces.
  • 1910 – Population: 200,000 (approximate).
  • 1911: December: Occupation of Tabriz by Russian army in 1911. 30 December: Seqat-ol-Eslam executed with 10 other constitutionals and nationalists by Russian Cossacks.
  • 1915 – Tabriz Occupied by Ottoman forces during Invasion of Tabriz, World War I
  • 1916 – Jolfa-Tabriz railway begins operating.
  • 1917 Tabriz Fire Fighting Tower built. Tavakoli matches factory established as one of the first private factories.
  • 1918 28 February: Russian retreat from Tabriz completed. 28 February: Ismaeil Nowbari head of local Democrat party took control of the city. 18 June: Tabriz occupied by Ottoman forces.
  • 1920 4 September: Iranian Cossacks take control of the city after retreating of Ottoman forces. Late summer: Khiyabani's revolution suppressed with help of Cossacks.
  • 1921 – Tarbiat library established.
  • 1922 1 February: Major Lahuti's revolt take control of Tabriz. 7 February: Major Lahuti's revolt crashed. Persian Cossacks take control of the city.
  • 1925 – City becomes part of Imperial State of Persia.
  • 1934 – Tabriz Municipality Palace built. A major flood caused a lot of damages to central parts of the city, including Ali Qapu.
  • 1937 – City becomes capital of Eastern Azerbaijan province.
  • 1941 – Tabriz occupied by Red Army as part of Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran.
  • 1945 – November – City becomes capital of Azerbaijan People's Government.

University of Azerbaijan established

1950s–1990s

21st century

  • 2001 – Ehtesham Hajipour selected as new mayor of the city.
  • 2002 – April: Tabriz Cartoon, an international annual cartoon contest started.
  • 2006 Alireza Navin selected as new mayor of Tabriz. Amir Nezam House museum and Iron Age Museum open. May – Thousands of ethnic Azeris demonstrated in Tabriz against government official newspaper's (Iran) cartoon insulting Azerbaijani minority.
  • 2009 – Gostaresh Foolad Football Club formed.
  • 2010 – Bazaar Complex is inscribed as World Heritage Site.
  • 2011 August: A protest for saving Lake Urmia is suppressed by police. Population: 1,494,998.
  • 2012 18 February: Construction of the tallest building in city, Bloor Tower, is accomplished. 11 August: A major earthquake in Varzaqan shocked Tabriz. Air pollution in Tabriz reaches annual mean of 40 PM2.5 and 68 PM10, more than recommended.
  • 2013 14 June: Local election held. 15 June: Thousands of city residents came to streets to celebrate the victory of Iranian moderate presidential candidate, Hassan Rowhani. November: Sadegh Najafi-Khazarlou is selected as the 55th mayor of Tabriz.
  • 2014 29 March: Tabriz celebrated the earth hour for the first time by turning off Saat Tower's lights. 25 December: Tabriz Soccer Museum is established. City becomes part of newly formed national administrative Region 3.
  • 2015 27 August: First portion of Tabriz Metro started its services.
  • 2017 4 November: Iraj Shahin-Baher is selected as the 56th mayor of Tabriz.

See also

This article incorporates information from the Azerbaijani Wikipedia, Turkish Wikipedia, and Croatian Wikipedia.

Bibliography

  • Jean Chardin (1691), The travels of Sir John Chardin into Persia and the East-Indies, through the Black Sea, and the country of Colchis, London: Christopher Bateman, p. 352+
  • Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), , New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
  • William Ouseley (1823), , Travels in various countries of the East; more particularly Persia, London: Rodwell and Martin, OCLC
  • Evliya Çelebi (1834). . Narrative of Travels in Europe, Asia, and Africa, in the Seventeenth Century. Vol. 2. Translated by Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall. London: Oriental Translation Fund.
  • Edward Balfour (1885), , Cyclopaedia of India (3rd ed.), London: B. Quaritch
  • "Tabríz". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 23 (9th ed.). 1888. pp. 18–19.
  • Charles Wilson, ed. (1895), , Handbook for Travellers in Asia Minor, Transcaucasia, Persia, etc., London: J. Murray, ISBN 9780524062142, OCLC {{citation}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  • E.A. Brayley Hodgetts (1896). "(Tabreez)". Round about Armenia: the record of a journey across the Balkans through Turkey, the Caucasus, and Persia in 1895. London: Sampson Low, Marston and Co. hdl:.
  • A.V. Williams Jackson (1906), , Persia Past and Present: a Book of Travel and Research, New York: Macmillan
  • Houtum-Schindler, Albert (1910). "Tabriz". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). p. 341.
  • Charles Melville (1981). . Iran. 19. Taylor & Francis: 159–177. doi:. JSTOR .
  • Christoph Werner (2000). "The Amazon, the Sources of the Nile, and Tabriz: Nadir Mirza's Tarikh Va Jughrafi-yi Dar Al-saltana-yi Tabriz and the Local Historiography of Tabriz and Azerbaijan". Iranian Studies. 33 (1–2): 165–184. doi:. S2CID .
  • Christoph Werner (2000). An Iranian Town in Transition: A Social and Economic History of the Elites of Tabriz, 1747–1848. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.
  • C. Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). . Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. ISBN 978-9004153882.
  • Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Tabriz", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO
  • . Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture. Oxford University Press. 2009. ISBN 9780195309911.
  • Aḥmad Monzawī; ʿAlī Naqī Monzawī (2012). . Encyclopædia Iranica.
  • James D. Clark (2014). . Encyclopædia Iranica.

External links

Images

Tabriz in 19th century

Tabriz during constitutional revolution

  • Map of the siege of Tabriz during Constitutional Revolution, on 27 September 1908.
  • A sketch of revolutionists defending Davachi bridge in London News, Tabriz (1 May 1909).
  • Constitutionals in Tabriz, early 20th century.
  • Constitutional forces in Tabriz, early 20th century.
  • Ark of Tabriz and US Flag in the days after constitutional revolution, 1911.

Tabriz invasion during WWII

  • Soviet artillery units in passing through Tabriz, 1940s
  • Soviet Tank and troops marching through Tabriz, 1940s
  • Soviet T-26 Tank passing through main street of Tabriz, 1940s