Toraja-Saʼdan (also Toraja, Saʼdan, South Toraja) is an Austronesian language spoken in South Sulawesi, Indonesia by the Toraja people. It shares the name Taeʼ with East Toraja. Most of the Toraja language mapping was done by Dutch missionaries working in Sulawesi, such as Nicolaus Adriani and Hendrik van der Veen.

Phonology

Vowels
FrontCentralBack
Closeiu
Mideo
Opena
Consonants
LabialAlveolarPalatalVelarGlottal
Nasalmnŋ
Plosive/ Affricatevoicelesspt()kʔ
voicedbd()ɡ
Fricatives(h)
Rhoticr
Laterall
Approximantwj

Sounds [tʃ, dʒ] are heard from Indonesian loanwords. /h/ only rarely occurs.

In final position, only /n/, /ŋ/, /k/ and /ʔ/ can occur.

Further reading

  • Waterson, Roxana (2012). . Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde. 168 (4): 391–419. doi:. JSTOR . S2CID . Accessed 21 Jan. 2023.