Tongde County
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Tongde County (Chinese: 同德县, Tibetan: འབལ་རྫོང་།) is a county of Qinghai province, China. It is under the administration of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.
Administrative divisions
Tongde County is made up of 2 towns and 3 townships:
| Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Tibetan | Wylie | Administrative division code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Towns | |||||
| Gabasumdo Town (Gabasongduo) | 尕巴松多镇 | Gǎbāsōngduō Zhèn | རྐ་འབའ་སུམ་མདོ་གྲོང་རྡལ། | rka ʼbaʼ sum mdo grong rdal | 632522100 |
| Tanggo Town (Tanggu) | 唐谷镇 | Tánggǔ Zhèn | ཐང་མགོ་གྲོང་བརྡལ། | thang mgo grong brdal | 632522101 |
| Townships | |||||
| Balung Township (Bagou) | 巴沟乡 | Bāgōu Xiāng | འབའ་ལུང་ཞང་། | ʼbaʼ lung zhang | 632522200 |
| Xoima Township (Xiuma) | 秀麻乡 | Xiùmá Xiāng | ཞོལ་མ་ཞང་། | zhol ma zhang | 632522201 |
| Maqang Township (Hebei) | 河北乡 | Héběi Xiāng | རྨ་བྱང་ཞང་། | rma byang zhang | 632522202 |
- Other: Provincial Grass Seed Breeding Farm (省牧草良种繁殖场)
Geography and climate
Tongde County has an alpine subarctic climate (Köppen Dwc), with long, very cold and dry winters, and short, rainy, mild summers. Average low temperatures are below freezing from mid/late September to mid May; however, due to the wide diurnal temperature variation (at an average 16.9 °C or 30.4 °F), only January has an average high that is below freezing. Despite frequent rain during summer, when a majority of days sees rain, no month has less than 50% of possible sunshine; with monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 51% in June to 81% in November, the county seat receives 2,806 hours of bright sunshine annually. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −13.0 °C (8.6 °F) in January to 11.7 °C (53.1 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 0.57 °C (33.0 °F). Over 70% of the annual precipitation of 426 mm (16.8 in) is delivered from June to September.
| Climate data for Tongde County, elevation 3,148 m (10,328 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 12.7 (54.9) | 13.1 (55.6) | 18.9 (66.0) | 25.5 (77.9) | 25.4 (77.7) | 26.6 (79.9) | 29.8 (85.6) | 28.0 (82.4) | 26.4 (79.5) | 21.7 (71.1) | 14.5 (58.1) | 10.2 (50.4) | 29.8 (85.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 1.9 (35.4) | 5.2 (41.4) | 9.3 (48.7) | 13.8 (56.8) | 16.2 (61.2) | 18.6 (65.5) | 21.2 (70.2) | 21.4 (70.5) | 17.6 (63.7) | 12.5 (54.5) | 7.4 (45.3) | 2.9 (37.2) | 12.3 (54.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −8.4 (16.9) | −4.6 (23.7) | 0.1 (32.2) | 5.2 (41.4) | 8.7 (47.7) | 12.0 (53.6) | 14.2 (57.6) | 13.7 (56.7) | 9.9 (49.8) | 3.9 (39.0) | −2.7 (27.1) | −7.7 (18.1) | 3.7 (38.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −16.1 (3.0) | −12.5 (9.5) | −7.3 (18.9) | −2.0 (28.4) | 2.4 (36.3) | 6.5 (43.7) | 8.6 (47.5) | 8.0 (46.4) | 4.8 (40.6) | −2.0 (28.4) | −9.6 (14.7) | −15.3 (4.5) | −2.9 (26.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −37.2 (−35.0) | −30.7 (−23.3) | −27.0 (−16.6) | −18.3 (−0.9) | −10.3 (13.5) | −5.0 (23.0) | −2.5 (27.5) | −6.8 (19.8) | −9.6 (14.7) | −18.6 (−1.5) | −28.0 (−18.4) | −30.6 (−23.1) | −37.2 (−35.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2.2 (0.09) | 4.0 (0.16) | 8.2 (0.32) | 26.7 (1.05) | 68.6 (2.70) | 81.2 (3.20) | 96.1 (3.78) | 95.7 (3.77) | 74.8 (2.94) | 23.1 (0.91) | 4.3 (0.17) | 1.2 (0.05) | 486.1 (19.14) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.5 | 3.3 | 4.5 | 7.5 | 15.4 | 18.2 | 18.1 | 16.2 | 17.0 | 8.8 | 2.3 | 1.2 | 115 |
| Average snowy days | 2.8 | 3.9 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 2.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.2 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 1.5 | 27.7 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 34 | 34 | 35 | 44 | 55 | 63 | 66 | 66 | 67 | 58 | 45 | 35 | 50 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 220.8 | 202.2 | 239.5 | 240.2 | 225.7 | 198.4 | 213.5 | 218.1 | 191.5 | 218.9 | 225.4 | 227.6 | 2,621.8 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 70 | 65 | 64 | 61 | 52 | 46 | 49 | 53 | 52 | 64 | 74 | 75 | 60 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration |