There is a sizable community of the Indian diaspora and people of Indian descent in Uganda. In 2003, there were an estimated 15,000 people of Asian descent (mostly Indians and Pakistanis) living in Uganda. Members of this community are known as Indian-Ugandans, Indo-Ugandans, and Indo-Pakistani Ugandans. At its peak in the 1960s, the community's population stood at between 80,000 to 100,000 people. However, in 1972, Ugandan dictator Idi Amin issued an order to expel all South Asians from the country amidst a backdrop of anti-Indian sentiment and Black supremacy. In response to the exodus, India, the United Kingdom, and several other countries severed diplomatic ties with Uganda.

After the 1979 Tanzanian invasion of Uganda overthrew Idi Amin and exiled him to Libya, many Indians gradually returned to Uganda over the course of the 1980s and 1990s. This return was significantly encouraged by Ugandan president Yoweri Museveni, who helped depose Amin and actively invited expelled Asians to reclaim their properties and invest in Uganda's economy. Museveni’s pro-business policies and public recognition of the Indian community’s contribution to national development created a more favourable environment for their reintegration.

Today, Indian-Ugandans once again play a dominant role in the country's economy. Despite making up less than 1% of the population, Uganda's Indian community was estimated to be contributing up to 65% of the country's total tax revenue in 2016. Ugandan businessman Sudhir Ruparelia, who is of Indian origin, is the country's richest man, with his net worth standing at approximately US$1.2 billion in 2019.

History

Shree Sanatan Dharma Mandal faith (SSDM) was established by early Asians who came to Uganda to work on the Uganda railway under the colonial era. The foundation stone to this temple, was laid in 1954 and completed in 1964. It was the first Shikma temple built outside India. This structure was built without any iron bars or steel right from the foundation up to its dome which is over four floors high.

British Empire

In 1895, construction of the Uganda Railway began. The Imperial British East Africa Company awarded Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee, an agent based in Karachi, with the contract to supply the required labour force. Jeevanjee recruited his workforce from the Punjab region of British India. The first group to arrive had a total of 350 men, and over a six-year period, a total of 31,895 men worked on the project. Some died, others returned to India after the end of their contracts, and others chose to stay. The population was later bolstered by Gujarati traders called "passenger Indians", both Hindu and Muslim free migrants who came to serve the economic needs of the indentured labourers and to capitalise on the economic opportunities.

Post-British era

Over time, Indians became prosperous and dominated much of the Ugandan economy, with some acting in the role of 'colonial overseers' for the British regime, which prompted the rise of resentment and Indophobia. These resentments came to a crisis when Idi Amin ousted Milton Obote by military coup d'état in 1971. The following year, Amin ordered the expulsion of Indians from Uganda. As a result, many Indians migrated to the United Kingdom, Canada, the United States, and elsewhere and began rebuilding their lives.

A portion of the Ugandan American community traces its roots to Uganda’s South Asian population, particularly families of Indian, Pakistani, and Goan origin who had lived in Uganda for generations before the expulsion of Asians from Uganda in 1972. Following Idi Amin’s expulsion order, many Ugandan Asians resettled in countries including the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States, where they and their descendants became part of wider Ugandan diaspora communities abroad.

After Amin's removal from power, however, more Indians who were born in Uganda started migrating back.

Notable Ugandans of Indian descent

See also

Further reading

  • Kumar, Mukesh (2011). "Indians in Post-War Uganda, 1948-62". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 72: 1096–1106. ISSN . JSTOR .

External links