Boulevard

A boulevard is a type of broad avenue planted with rows of trees, or in parts of North America, any urban highway or wide road in a commercial district.

In Europe, boulevards were originally circumferential roads following the line of former city walls.

In North American usage, boulevards may be wide, multi-lane thoroughfares divided with only a central median.

Etymology

The word boulevard is borrowed from French. In France, it originally meant the flat surface of a rampart, and later a promenade taking the place of a demolished fortification. It is a borrowing from the Dutch word bolwerk 'bulwark'.

Notable examples

Asia

Azerbaijan

• Baku Boulevard

Bangladesh

• Manik Mia Avenue

Cambodia

• Norodom Boulevard
• Monivong Boulevard
• Sihanouk Boulevard
• Xi Jinping Boulevard

India

• M G Road
• Anna Salai
• Indira Gandhi Sarani
• Marine Drive
• Krishnaraja Boulevard
• Rajpath
• Necklace Road
• Mahatma Gandhi Road
• Foreshore Road

Indonesia

• Jalan Jenderal Sudirman
• Jalan M.H. Thamrin
• Jalan Jenderal Gatot Subroto
• Jalan H.R. Rasuna Said
• Jalan Gajah Mada/Jalan Hayam Wuruk
• Jalan Prof. Dr. Satrio
• Jalan Plaza Boulevard

Vietnam

• Thang Long Boulevard

Iran

• Keshavarz Boulevard

Philippines

• Roxas Boulevard
• Shaw Boulevard
• España Boulevard
• Quezon Boulevard
• Aurora Boulevard
• Osmeña Boulevard

• Jalan Jenderal Sudirman in Jakarta
• Keshavarz Boulevard of Tehran in mid 1970s
• Roxas Boulevard in Manila
• Baku Boulevard

Australia and Oceania

Australia

• St Kilda Road, Melbourne
• Royal Parade, Melbourne
• Victoria Parade, Melbourne
• Flemington Road, Melbourne
• Mount Alexander Road, Melbourne
• The Boulevard, Perth

New Zealand

• The Four Avenues, Christchurch
• Anzac Avenue, Dunedin
• Marine Parade, Napier

• St Kilda Road, Melbourne
• Royal Parade, Melbourne
• Marine Parade, Napier
• Bealey Avenue, one of Christchurch's Four Avenues

Europe

Austria

• Vienna Ring Road

Denmark

Boulevards in Copenhagen:

• Nørre Voldgade
• H. C. Andersens Boulevard
• Vesterbrogade
• Sønder Boulevard
• Dalgas Boulevard
• Strandboulevarden
• Frederiksberg Allé

France

• Boulevard Beaumarchais
• Boulevard du Temple
• Boulevard Montmartre
• Boulevard des Italiens
• Boulevard des Capucines
• Boulevard de la Madeleine

Germany

• Unter den Linden, Berlin
• Kurfürstendamm, Berlin
• Karl-Marx-Allee, Berlin
• Boulevard der Stars, Berlin
• Königsallee, Düsseldorf
• Goerdelerring, Leipzig
• Brienner Straße, Munich
• Leopoldstraße, Munich
• Maximilianstraße, Munich
• Prinzregentenstraße, Munich

Hungary

• Little Boulevard, Budapest
• Grand Boulevard, Budapest
• Hungária Boulevard, Budapest

Ireland

• O'Connell Street, Dublin

Italy

• Viali di Circonvallazione, Florence
• Foro Buonaparte[it], Milan
• Stradone Martiri della Libertà[it], Parma
• Via Merulana, Rome

Netherlands

• Lange Voorhout, The Hague

Spain

• Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, Barcelona
• Avenida de la Granvia de Hospitalet[es], Barcelona
• Avinguda Diagonal, Barcelona
• Alameda Principal, Málaga

Portugal

• Avenida da Liberdade, Lisbon

Russia

• Boulevard Ring, Moscow Tverskoy Boulevard
• Garden Ring, Moscow

Ukraine

• Lesya Ukrainka Boulevard
• Sections of Small Ring Road, Kyiv

• Boulevard Haussmann in Paris
• Combino Supra at the Grand Boulevard in Budapest
• Foro Buonaparte[it] in Milan
• Avinguda Diagonal in Barcelona
• Clean Ponds in the wide median green of Chistoprudny Boulevard in Moscow

North America

Canada

• Lake Shore Boulevard, Toronto
• Pie-IX Boulevard, Montreal
• King George Boulevard, Surrey

Mexico

• Paseo de la Reforma, Mexico City

United States

• Ocean Parkway, Brooklyn
• Broadway, Manhattan
• West Side Highway, Manhattan
• FDR Drive, Manhattan (future project)
• Sunset Boulevard, Los Angeles
• Santa Monica Boulevard, Los Angeles
• Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles
• Hollywood Boulevard, Los Angeles
• Chicago Boulevard System
• Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia
• Roosevelt Boulevard, Philadelphia
• Southern Boulevard Park, Philadelphia
• Boulevard, Atlanta
• Park Avenue, New York City
• Las Vegas Boulevard, Las Vegas
• Ohio River Boulevard, Pittsburgh

• Mexico City's Paseo de la Reforma
• Queens Boulevard in New York City
• Roosevelt Boulevard in Philadelphia
• North Kedzie Boulevard (3200W) at West Palmer Square (2200N) in Chicago

South America

Argentina

• Avenida 9 de Julio, Buenos Aires

Uruguay

• Artigas Boulevard, Montevideo

Brazil

• Avenida Rio Branco, Rio de Janeiro

• Avenida São João, São Paulo

Books

• Jacobs, Allan B.; Elizabeth Macdonald; Yodan Rofé (2003). The Boulevard Book. The MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-60023-1.
• Fiaccadori, Gianfranco; Malinverni, Alessandro; Mambriani, Carlo (2012). (in Italian). Parma: Fondazione Cariparma. ISBN 978-88-7898-064-8. OCLC .
• Pastega, Agostino Brotto (2010). Antonio Gaidon 1738–1829. Un professionista ante litteram dal rilievo mappale al boulevard. Bassano: Associazione Interprofessionale Bassanese.

External links

• The dictionary definition of boulevard at Wiktionary