Variation Selectors is a Unicode block containing 16 variation selectors used to specify a glyph variant for a preceding character. They are currently used to specify standardized variation sequences for mathematical symbols, emoji symbols, 'Phags-pa letters, and CJK unified ideographs corresponding to CJK compatibility ideographs. At present only standardized variation sequences with VS1–VS4, VS7, VS15 and VS16 have been defined; VS15 and VS16 are reserved to request that a character should be displayed as text or as an emoji respectively.

These combining characters are variation selector-1 (for U+FE00) through variation selector-16 (U+FE0F), and are abbreviated VS1 – VS16. Each applies to the immediately preceding character.

As of Unicode 17.0:

  • CJK compatibility ideograph variation sequences contain VS1–VS3 (U+FE00–U+FE02)
  • CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A and B variation sequences contain VS1 (U+FE00) and VS2 (U+FE01)
  • Emoji variation sequences contain VS16 (U+FE0F) for emoji-style (with color) or VS15 (U+FE0E) for text style (monochrome). This use is deprecated; newer emoji versions of existing dingbat characters have a separate code point for the emoji form, such as U+1FAAF🪯 KHANDA whose dingbat form is U+262C☬ ADI SHAKTI.
  • Basic Latin, Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms, Manichaean, Myanmar, Myanmar Extended-A, Phags-pa, and mathematical variation sequences contain only VS1 (U+FE00)
  • Egyptian Hieroglyphs variation sequences VS1–VS7 (U+FE00–FE06) are used to rotate specific signs
  • VS8–VS14 (U+FE07–FE0D) are not used for any variation sequences
Variation Selectors[1] (PDF)
0123456789ABCDEF
U+FE0xVS 1VS 2VS 3VS 4VS 5VS 6VS 7VS 8VS 9VS 10VS 11VS 12VS 13VS 14VS 15VS 16
Notes 1.^ As of Unicode version 17.0

This list is continued in the Variation Selectors Supplement.

See also

History

The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Variation Selectors block:

VersionFinal code pointsCountL2 IDWG2 IDDocument
3.2U+FE00..FE0F16L2/97-260Hiura, Hideki; Kobayashi, Tatsuo (1997-12-01), Plane 14 Variant Tag
Aliprand, Joan; Winkler, Arnold (1998-02-24), "2.D.4 Variant Tag Mechanism", Preliminary Minutes - UTC #74 & L2 #171, Mountain View, CA - December 5, 1997
L2/98-277Hiura, Hideki; Kobayashi, Tatsuo (1998-07-29), Plane 14 Variant tag
, )Aliprand, Joan (1998-07-31), "III.E.3 Variant Tagging (III.E.3)", Unconfirmed Minutes – UTC #77 & NCITS Subgroup L2 # 174 JOINT MEETING, Redmond, WA -- July 29-31, 1998
Moore, Lisa (2000-08-23), "Variation Selector", UTC minutes -- Boston, August 8-11, 2000
Freytag, Asmus (2001-06-27), Variant selector
Jenkins, John (2001-08-08), Variation selectors and Han
Davis, Mark (2001-08-17), Variation Selectors [document has incorrect L2 ID number]
Moore, Lisa (2001-11-06), "88-M5", Minutes from the UTC/L2 meeting #88
Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2002-04-22), "7.12", Draft minutes of WG 2 meeting 41, Hotel Phoenix, Singapore, 2001-10-15/19
Burge, Jeremy; et al. (2017-03-27), Add ZWJ, VS-16, Keycaps & Tags to Emoji_Component
Moore, Lisa (2017-05-18), "E.1.7 Add ZWJ, VS-16, Keycaps & Tags to Emoji_Component", UTC #151 Minutes