Maidan Wardak Province
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Maidan Wardak, (Pashto; Dari: میدان وردک) simply Wardak or Wardag (Pashto; Dari: وردگ), is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the central region of the country. It is divided into eight districts and has a population of approximately 500,000. The capital of the province is Maidan Shar, while the most populous district in the province is Sayed Abad District. Wardak is known for one of its famous high peak mountain known as (Shah Foladi). In 2021, the Taliban gained control of the province during the 2021 Taliban offensive. Wardak is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in central Afghanistan. Its capital is the closest provincial city to Kabul.
History
During the communist times, the people of Wardak never gave significant support to the communist government, but the people of its capital, Maidan Shahr did sympathize with them.
Wardak has also threatened uprisings against the Taliban in Saydabad, numerous schooling system approved by UNICEF set up in Saydabad District, and the mayor of Maidan Shar (the capital of the province), was a elected mayor in 2019 as a woman, Zarifa Ghafari and was awarded the Woman of Courage Award of 2020. This is why Wardak is considered as one of the most liberal provinces in Afghanistan, and because of its adjacent border with the biggest urban center in Afghanistan, Kabul Province. This also makes it one of the most liberal Pashtun provinces.
Wardak Province was significant during the Civil War in Afghanistan, due to its proximity to Kabul and its agricultural lands. Hezb-e Wahdat had a significant presence in the area. Most of the area was captured by the Taliban around winter 1995. It remains a major Taliban travel route to Kabul with Maidan Shar a target for terror.
The security situation rapidly deteriorated in Wardak in 2008 and 2009. According to a report by Mohammad Osman Tariq Elias, both Logar and Wardak, by the end of 2008, were under de facto Taliban control. As of April 2009, the Ministry of the Interior (Afghanistan) had listed the entire province as "High Risk."
In October 2017, US Forces from elements of the 1st Battalion 87th Infantry Regiment and 10th Special Operations Group launched an offensive to wrest the province from Taliban control.
On 21 January 2019, a Taliban attack on a military base and police training center in the province resulted in 125 NDS officers killed. At least 30 people were reported to be injured. The attack came during a time of intense daily violence throughout the country.
Geography
Wardak province is located in the central and eastern region of Afghanistan; bordering Parwan to the northeast, Kabul and Logar to the east, Ghazni to the south and Bamyan to the west. The capital of Wardak province is Maidan Shar, which is located about 35 km from Kabul. Wardak province covers an area of 9,934 km2. It is mountainous like the rest of the country with plains and many valleys, such as the Tangi Valley. The majority of its residents live in rural areas. The most heavily populated areas are along the Kabul–Kandahar Highway. The rest of the province is thinly populated, with villages concentrated in areas with available irrigation and water sources (CSO and UNFPA, 2003). Famous passes include the Unai Pass and the Hajigak Pass.
Administrative divisions
| District | Capital | Population | Area | Pop. density | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chak Wardak | Chak Wardak | 95,392 | 1,153 | 83 | Predominantely Pashtuns. |
| Day Mirdad | Miran | 35,075 | 976 | 36 | Predominantly Pashtuns. |
| Hisa-I-Awali Bihsud | 41,850 | 1,406 | 30 | Majority Hazaras, minority Pashtun. | |
| Jaghatu | 51,682 | 595 | 87 | 100% Pashtuns. Shifted from Ghazni Province in 2005. | |
| Jalrez | 59,920 | 1,182 | 51 | Predominantly Pashtuns. | |
| Markazi Bihsud | Behsud | 134,852 | 3,616 | 37 | Predominantly Hazaras. |
| Maidan Shar | Maidan Shar | 45,787 | 211 | 217 | 85% Pashtuns, 14% Tajiks, 1% Hazaras. |
| Nirkh | 64,436 | 530 | 122 | 80% Pashtuns, 15% Tajiks, 5% Hazaras. | |
| Saydabad | Saydabad | 131,264 | 1,130 | 116 | Predominantely Pashtuns. |
| Wardak | 660,258 | 10,348 | 64 | 63.9% Pashtuns (62.0% Pashtun tribes, 1.9% Kochis), 33.5% Hazaras, 2.5% Tajiks. |
Economy
In terms of industry, one marble factory is working in the province, and there are marble mines in the provincial center and Sayed Abad District although no mining is currently undertaken there due to the government ban. The majority of commercial activity in Maidan Shahr. Wardak is related to trade in agricultural and livestock products, although stone quarrying is also a growing business in the area. The people from Maidan Shahr are also experts in karez cleaning and repair and go to other parts of the country for this purpose. In Wardak, there are many natural resources like petroleum, iron, rubies, and emeralds.
Agriculture is a major source of revenue for 43% of households in Wardak province. Four-fifths (79%) of rural households own or manage agricultural land or garden plots in the province. However, nearly a quarter (24%) of households in the province derive income from trade and services, and around half (45%) of households earn some income through non-farm related labor.
Demographics
Population
As of 2021, the total population of Wardak province is about 671,817.
Ethnicity, languages and religion
The province is predominantly Pashtun making up most of the remainder of the population ,And after that Hazaras, Sadat/ Sayed . The Pashtuns live primarily in northern and south and east districts of the province while the Hazaras live in the western part of the province The province also has a small population of Qizilbash.
| 2004–2021 (Islamic Republic) | 55% | 27 – 30% | 15% | ||
| 2020 EU | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | – | – |
| 2018 UN | majority | ∅ | ∅ | – | |
| 2015 NPS | ∅ | ∅ | ∅ | ∅ | |
| 2011 PRT | 70% | 27% | 15% | ||
| 2011 USA | 70% | 27% | – | ||
| 2009 ISW | 70% | 30% | 12% |
| Legend: ∅: Ethnicity mentioned in source but not quantified –: Ethnicity not mentioned specifically Source abbreviations: Empirical sources: –, Government sources: EU – European Union Agency for Asylum, PRT – Provincial Reconstruction Team of the United States government, UN – United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan, Editorial sources: ISW – Institute for the Study of War, NPS – Naval Postgraduate School, USA – United States Army |
Education
The overall literacy rate in Wardak province is 25%. There are around 251 primary and secondary schools in the province catering for 105,358 students. There are 2909 teachers teaching in these schools.
See also
Notes
External links
- by the Institute for the Study of War
- by the Naval Postgraduate School