Yermolayev (Russian: Ермолаев, Ukrainian: Єрмолаєв, masculine) and Yermolayeva (Russian: Ермолаева; feminine) is an East Slavic patronymic surname. Yermolayev is derived from the given name Yermolay (or Ermolai, Ermolay, Yermolai; Russian: Ермолай), which was from the Greek Hermolaos, meaning "the people of Hermes".

"Yermolayev" may also be romanized as Ermolaeff, Ermolaev, Ermolajew, Ermolayev, Iermolaïev, Jermolajeff, Jermolajev, Jermolajew, Yermolaeff, Yermolaev, Yermolaieff, Yermolaiev, or Yermolaiew.

Notable people with this surname include:

See also